Friesen Karlie J, Rozenek Ralph, Clippinger Karen, Gunter Kathy, Russo Albert C, Sklar Susan E
Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97333, USA.
J Dance Med Sci. 2011 Mar;15(1):31-6.
This study investigates body composition (BC), bone mineral density (BMD), eating behaviors, and menstrual dysfunction in collegiate modern dancers. Thirty-one female collegiate modern dance majors (D), 18 to 25 years of age, and 30 age-matched controls (C) participated in the study. BC and BMD were measured using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Upper and lower body strength was assessed by chest and leg press one-repetition maximum tests. Participants completed three-day food records, and the diet was analyzed using nutritional software. Menstrual dysfunction (MD) and history of eating disorder (ED) data were collected via questionnaires. BC and BMD variables were analyzed using MANCOVA and frequency of ED and MD by Chi-Square analysis. BMD was greater in D than C at the spine (1.302 ± 0.135 g/cm(2) vs. 1.245 ± 0.098 g/cm(2)), and both the right hip (1.163 ± 0.111 g/cm(2) vs. 1.099 ± 0.106 g/cm(2)) and left hip (1.160 ± 0.114 g/cm(2) vs. 1.101 ± 0.104 g/cm(2); p ≤ 0.05). Total body fat percentage was lower in D than C (25.9 ± 4.2% vs. 32.0 ± 5.9%; p ≤ 0.05), and percent of fat distributed in the android region was also lower in D than C (28.0 ± 6.2% vs. 37.6 ± 8.6%; p ≤ 0.05). With regard to diet composition, only percent fat intake was lower in D than C (27.54 ± 6.8% vs. 31.5 ± 7.4%, p ≤ 0.05). A greater incidence of ED was reported by D than C (12.9% vs. 0%; p ≤ 0.05), as well as a greater incidence of secondary amenorrhea (41.9% vs 13.3%; p ≤ 0.05). No differences were found for incidence of primary amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, or use of birth control. Strength values were higher in D than C for both chest press (30.1 ± 0.9 kg vs. 28.4 ± 1.0 kg; p ≤ 0.05) and leg press (170.7 ± 4.2 kg vs.163.1 ± 3.9 kg; p ≤ 0.05). It is concluded that the dancers in our study had a healthy body weight, yet reported a higher incidence of eating disorders and menstrual dysfunction, than non-dancers. These dancers' higher BMD may be attributable to the mechanical loading and increased strength associated with practicing modern dance. Further, modern dancers had lower centrally located body fat, which decreases the risk for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases.
本研究调查了大学现代舞舞者的身体成分（BC）、骨矿物质密度（BMD）、饮食行为和月经功能障碍。31名年龄在18至25岁的女性大学现代舞专业学生（D组）和30名年龄匹配的对照组（C组）参与了该研究。使用双能X线吸收法（DXA）测量身体成分和骨矿物质密度。通过卧推和腿举的一次最大重复测试评估上半身和下半身力量。参与者完成了为期三天的饮食记录，并使用营养软件对饮食进行分析。通过问卷调查收集月经功能障碍（MD）和饮食失调（ED）病史数据。使用多变量协方差分析（MANCOVA）分析身体成分和骨矿物质密度变量，并通过卡方分析分析饮食失调和月经功能障碍的频率。D组脊柱的骨矿物质密度高于C组（1.302±0.135克/平方厘米对1.245±0.098克/平方厘米），右髋（1.163±0.111克/平方厘米对1.099±0.106克/平方厘米）和左髋也是如此（1.160±0.114克/平方厘米对1.101±0.104克/平方厘米；p≤0.05）。D组的全身脂肪百分比低于C组（25.9±4.2%对32.0±5.9%；p≤0.05），且D组分布在男性化区域的脂肪百分比也低于C组（28.0±6.2%对37.6±8.6%；p≤0.05）。在饮食组成方面，只有D组的脂肪摄入量百分比低于C组（27.54±6.8%对31.5±7.4%，p≤0.05）。D组报告的饮食失调发生率高于C组（12.9%对0%；p≤0.05），继发性闭经的发生率也更高（41.9%对13.3%；p≤0.05）。在原发性闭经、月经过少或使用避孕药具的发生率方面未发现差异。D组卧推（30.1±0.9千克对28.4±1.0千克；p≤0.05）和腿举（170.7±4.2千克对163.1±3.9千克；p≤0.05）的力量值均高于C组。研究得出结论，我们研究中的舞者体重健康，但与非舞者相比，饮食失调和月经功能障碍的发生率更高。这些舞者较高的骨矿物质密度可能归因于与练习现代舞相关的机械负荷和力量增加。此外，现代舞者身体中心部位的脂肪较少，这降低了心血管和代谢疾病的风险。
