INRA - ALISS and PSE, Paris, France.
J Health Econ. 2011 Jul;30(4):811-31. doi: 10.1016/j.jhealeco.2011.05.002. Epub 2011 May 27.
Post-war expansion of education in France transformed the distribution of schooling for the cohorts born between the 1940s and the 1970s. However, throughout this expansion the proportion with the highest levels of qualifications remained stable, providing a natural control group. We evaluate the impact of schooling on smoking, for the beneficiaries of the post-war expansion, by comparing changes in their outcomes across birth cohorts with changes within the control group. We uncover robust evidence that educational expansion contributed to a decline in smoking prevalence of 2.9 points of percentage for men and 3.2 points for women at the turn of the 21st century. Our results also suggest that the persistence of the schooling-smoking gradient is better explained by differences in the education-related opportunity costs of smoking than by differences in information about smoking dangers.
战后法国教育的扩张改变了 20 世纪 40 年代至 70 年代出生的人群的教育分布。然而，在整个扩张过程中，拥有最高资格的比例保持稳定，为对照组提供了自然的控制。我们通过比较对照组中群体内的变化和受益于战后扩张的群体的变化，评估了教育对吸烟的影响。我们发现了有力的证据表明，教育扩张导致 21 世纪之交男性吸烟率下降 2.9 个百分点，女性吸烟率下降 3.2 个百分点。我们的结果还表明，教育相关的吸烟机会成本差异而不是吸烟危害信息差异更好地解释了吸烟率与教育水平之间的梯度关系。
