Lü Jingrong, Huang Zhiwu, Yang Tao, Li Yun, Mei Ling, Xiang Mingliang, Chai Yongchuan, Li Xiaohua, Li Lei, Yao Guoyin, Wang Yu, Shen Xiaoming, Wu Hao
Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China.
Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2011 Aug;75(8):1045-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2011.05.022. Epub 2011 Jun 25.
The goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of delayed-onset hearing loss in preschool children who previously passed newborn hearing screening in Shanghai, China.
Between October 2009 and September 2010, 21,427 preschool children were enrolled from five areas of Shanghai, who had passed newborn hearing screening. Children were screened for delayed-onset hearing loss with pediatric audiometers. Children with positive results in initial and re-screening tests were assessed audiologically and for risk indicators according to the Year 2007 Statement of the American Joint Committee on Infant Hearing (JCIH).
During the study period, 445 children (2.08%) were referred for audiologic assessment; 16 (0.75/1000, 95% CI 0.38-1.12) had permanent delayed-onset hearing loss. Of these, five (0.23/1000) had bilateral moderate hearing loss; seven (0.33/1000) had mild bilateral hearing loss; and four (0.19/1000) had unilateral moderate or mild hearing loss. JCIH risk indicators were established for six children (6/16, 37.5%), including parental concern regarding speech and language developmental delay, neonatal intensive care unit with assisted ventilation or hyperbilirubinemia, recurrent otitis media with effusion, craniofacial malformation, and family history (n=1 for each). The remaining ten (62.5%) had no related risk factors.
A significant proportion of preschool children have undiagnosed delayed-onset hearing loss. Hearing screening in preschool is recommended for an early detection.
本研究旨在调查中国上海曾通过新生儿听力筛查的学龄前儿童迟发性听力损失的患病率。
2009年10月至2010年9月期间，从上海五个地区招募了21427名曾通过新生儿听力筛查的学龄前儿童。使用儿童听力计对儿童进行迟发性听力损失筛查。对初次筛查和复筛结果呈阳性的儿童，根据美国婴儿听力联合委员会（JCIH）2007年声明进行听力学评估和风险指标评估。
在研究期间，445名儿童（2.08%）被转介进行听力学评估；16名（0.75/1000，95%可信区间0.38 - 1.12）患有永久性迟发性听力损失。其中，5名（0.23/1000）患有双侧中度听力损失；7名（0.33/1000）患有双侧轻度听力损失；4名（0.19/1000）患有单侧中度或轻度听力损失。为6名儿童（6/16，37.5%）确定了JCIH风险指标，包括家长对言语和语言发育迟缓的担忧、接受辅助通气或高胆红素血症治疗的新生儿重症监护病房、复发性中耳积液、颅面畸形和家族病史（各1例）。其余10名（62.5%）无相关风险因素。
相当一部分学龄前儿童存在未被诊断的迟发性听力损失。建议在学龄前进行听力筛查以早期发现。
