Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 401 Quarry Road, Stanford, California, 94305, USA.
Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health. 2011 Jun 29;5:21. doi: 10.1186/1753-2000-5-21.
To examine the implications of an ontology of aggressive behavior which divides aggression into reactive, affective, defensive, impulsive (RADI) or "emotionally hot"; and planned, instrumental, predatory (PIP) or "emotionally cold." Recent epidemiological, criminological, clinical and neuroscience studies converge to support a connection between emotional and trauma related psychopathology and disturbances in the emotions, self-regulation and aggressive behavior which has important implications for diagnosis and treatment, especially for delinquent populations.
Selective review of preclinical and clinical studies in normal, clinical and delinquent populations.
In delinquent populations we observe an increase in psychopathology, and especially trauma related psychopathology which impacts emotions and self-regulation in a manner that hotly emotionally charged acts of aggression become more likely. The identification of these disturbances can be supported by findings in cognitive neuroscience. These hot aggressive acts can be delineated from planned or emotionally cold aggression.
Our findings support a typology of diagnostic labels for disruptive behaviors, such as conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder, as it appears that these acts of hot emotional aggression are a legitimate target for psychopharmacological and other trauma specific interventions. The identification of this subtype of disruptive behavior disorders leads to more specific clinical interventions which in turn promise to improve hitherto unimpressive treatment outcomes of delinquents and patients with disruptive behavior.
研究攻击性的本体论含义，该本体论将攻击性分为反应性、情感性、防御性、冲动性（RADI）或“情绪激动”；以及计划性、工具性、掠夺性（PIP）或“情绪冷静”。最近的流行病学、犯罪学、临床和神经科学研究都表明，情绪和与创伤相关的精神病理学与情绪、自我调节和攻击性障碍之间存在联系，这对诊断和治疗具有重要意义，特别是对犯罪人群。
选择性综述正常、临床和犯罪人群中的临床前和临床研究。
在犯罪人群中，我们观察到精神病理学的增加，特别是与创伤相关的精神病理学，这以一种情绪化的攻击性行为更有可能发生的方式影响情绪和自我调节。认知神经科学的发现可以支持这些障碍的识别。这些激烈的攻击性行为可以与计划性或情绪冷静的攻击性行为区分开来。
我们的发现支持了破坏性行为（如品行障碍和对立违抗性障碍）的诊断标签分类，因为这些激烈的情绪攻击性行为似乎是精神药理学和其他特定创伤干预的合理目标。这种破坏性行为障碍亚型的识别导致了更具体的临床干预，从而有望改善迄今为止对犯罪者和具有破坏性行为的患者治疗效果不佳的状况。
