Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Biomaterials. 2011 Oct;32(28):6692-709. doi: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.078. Epub 2011 Jun 28.
A key for long-term survival and function of biomaterials is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. As biomaterials can have profound impacts on the host immune response the concept emerged to design biomaterials that are able to trigger desired immunological outcomes and thus support the healing process. However, engineering such biomaterials requires an in-depth understanding of the host inflammatory and wound healing response to implanted materials. One focus of this review is to outline the up-to-date knowledge on immune responses to biomaterials. Understanding the complex interactions of host response and material implants reveals the need for and also the potential of "immunomodulating" biomaterials. Based on this knowledge, we discuss strategies of triggering appropriate immune responses by functional biomaterials and highlight recent approaches of biomaterials that mimic the physiological extracellular matrix and modify cellular immune responses.
生物材料长期生存和功能的关键是它们不会引起有害的免疫反应。由于生物材料会对宿主的免疫反应产生深远的影响，因此出现了设计能够触发所需免疫结果的生物材料的概念，从而支持愈合过程。然而，工程化此类生物材料需要深入了解宿主对植入材料的炎症和伤口愈合反应。本篇综述的重点之一是概述目前对生物材料免疫反应的认识。了解宿主反应和材料植入物之间的复杂相互作用揭示了“免疫调节”生物材料的必要性和潜力。基于这些知识，我们讨论了通过功能生物材料触发适当免疫反应的策略，并强调了最近模仿生理细胞外基质并改变细胞免疫反应的生物材料方法。
