Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden.
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012 Feb;44(2):280-7. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31822a9289.
The study's purpose was to investigate concordance between objective and perceived neighborhood walkability, their associations with self-reported walking and objective physical activity, and sociodemographic characteristics of individuals in neighborhoods with objectively assessed high walkability who misperceive it as low.
In 1925 individuals age 20-66 yr of both high and low neighborhood walkability recruited from administrative areas in the city of Stockholm, Sweden, objective neighborhood walkability was assessed within a 1000-m radius of each individual's residential address using geographic information systems. Perceived walkability was based on the Neighborhood Environment Walkability Scale. Walking was assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and total physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were assessed by an accelerometer (ActiGraph). Sociodemographic characteristics were self-reported.
Objective and perceived neighborhood walkability agreed in 67.0% of the individuals, with κ = 0.34 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.30-0.38). One-third of the individuals in neighborhoods with objectively assessed high walkability misperceived it as low. This nonconcordance was more common among older and married/cohabiting individuals. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, high objective neighborhood walkability was associated with 35.0 (95% CI = 14.6-64.6) and 10.5 (95% CI = -5.2 to 28.5) more minutes per week of walking for transportation and leisure, respectively, and 2.8 (95% CI = 0.9-5.0) more minutes per day of MVPA. High perceived neighborhood walkability was associated with 41.5 (95% CI = 15.8-62.9) and 21.8 (95% CI = 2.8-40.0) more minutes per week of walking for transportation and leisure, respectively, and 1.7 (95% CI = -0.3 to 3.7) more minutes per day of MVPA.
Objective and perceived neighborhood walkability both contribute to the amount of walking and objective physical activity. Both measures of neighborhood walkability may be important factors to target in interventions aiming at increasing physical activity.
本研究旨在调查客观感知邻里可步行性之间的一致性，及其与自我报告的步行和客观身体活动的关联，以及在客观评估高可步行性的邻里中，那些错误地认为低可步行性的个体的社会人口学特征。
在瑞典斯德哥尔摩市的行政区域内招募了年龄在 20-66 岁之间的 1925 名高和低邻里可步行性的个体，使用地理信息系统评估每个个体居住地址的 1000 米半径内的邻里可步行性。感知的可步行性基于邻里环境步行性量表。使用国际体力活动问卷评估步行情况，使用加速度计（ActiGraph）评估总身体活动和中高强度体力活动（MVPA）。社会人口学特征是自我报告的。
客观和感知邻里可步行性在 67.0%的个体中一致，κ=0.34（95%置信区间（CI）=0.30-0.38）。在客观评估高可步行性的邻里中，有三分之一的个体错误地认为低可步行性。这种不一致在年龄较大和已婚/同居的个体中更为常见。在调整社会人口学特征后，高客观邻里可步行性与每周用于交通和休闲的步行时间分别增加 35.0（95%CI=14.6-64.6）和 10.5（95%CI=-5.2-28.5）分钟相关，每天的中高强度体力活动（MVPA）时间增加 2.8（95%CI=0.9-5.0）分钟。高感知邻里可步行性与每周用于交通和休闲的步行时间分别增加 41.5（95%CI=15.8-62.9）和 21.8（95%CI=2.8-40.0）分钟相关，每天的 MVPA 时间增加 1.7（95%CI=-0.3-3.7）分钟。
客观和感知邻里可步行性都有助于步行和客观身体活动的数量。邻里可步行性的这两种衡量标准都可能是增加身体活动的干预措施的重要目标因素。
