Curatio International Foundation, 37d I. Chavchavadze Avenue, Tbilisi, 0162, Georgia.
J Urban Health. 2011 Aug;88(4):736-48. doi: 10.1007/s11524-011-9571-8.
Injection drug users (IDUs) are at risk for acquiring human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through parenteral and sexual transmission. In this paper, we describe the prevalence and correlates of unsafe drug injecting and sexual behaviors among IDUs recruited across five cities in Georgia in 2009. IDUs were administered a questionnaire collecting information on demographics, drug use, sexual behaviors, and HIV testing behaviors. Correlates of risky injecting and sexual behaviors were determined using logistic regression. Of 1,127 IDUs, the majority (98.7%) were men, and the median duration of injecting drugs was 7 years. Unsafe injecting behavior at last injection was reported by 51.9% of IDUs, while 16.8% reported both unsafe injecting behavior and not using condoms with last occasional and/or commercial partner. In the multivariate analysis, independent correlates of unsafe injecting behavior at last injection were types of drugs injected [p = 0.0096; (for ephedrine, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 7.38; 95% CI, 1.50-36.26)] and not using condoms at last commercial sex (aOR = 2.29, 1.22-4.32). The following variables were significantly associated with unsafe injecting behavior at last injection and not using condoms at last sex with commercial and/or occasional partners in the multivariate analysis: marital status [p = 0.0002; (for divorced, widowed, and separated aOR = 2.62, 1.62-4.25; for single aOR = 1.61, 1.08-2.39)], being a member of a regular injecting group (aOR = 0.62, 0.44-0.88), types of drugs injected in the past month [p = 0.0024; (for buprenorphine aOR = 0.34, 0.18-0.63)], city of residence (p = 0.0083), and not receiving information on HIV (aOR = 1.82, 1.07-3.09). Though only ephedrine was injected by a smaller number of IDUs (9.1%), the vast majority of these (81.4%) reported unsafe injecting practices at last injection. High prevalence of unsafe injecting behaviors and diverse and at-risk sexual partnerships highlight the need to implement complex and targeted HIV interventions among IDUs in Georgia.
注射吸毒者（IDU）通过注射和性传播感染人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）的风险较高。在本文中，我们描述了在 2009 年佐治亚州五个城市招募的 IDU 中不安全的药物注射和性行为的流行率和相关因素。对 IDU 进行了问卷调查，收集了人口统计学、药物使用、性行为和 HIV 检测行为方面的信息。使用逻辑回归确定了危险注射和性行为的相关因素。在 1127 名 IDU 中，大多数（98.7％）为男性，吸毒时间中位数为 7 年。51.9％的 IDU 报告了上次注射时的不安全注射行为，而 16.8％的 IDU 报告了上次偶然和/或商业性伴侣时不安全的注射行为和不使用安全套。在多变量分析中，上次注射时不安全注射行为的独立相关因素是注射的药物类型[P = 0.0096;（对于麻黄碱，调整后的优势比（aOR）= 7.38;95％CI，1.50-36.26）]和上次商业性行为时不使用安全套[aOR = 2.29，1.22-4.32]。以下变量在多变量分析中与上次注射时不安全的注射行为和上次与商业性和/或偶然性伴侣进行性行为时不使用安全套明显相关：婚姻状况[P = 0.0002;（离异、丧偶和分居 aOR = 2.62，1.62-4.25；单身 aOR = 1.61，1.08-2.39）]，是固定注射组的成员[aOR = 0.62，0.44-0.88]，过去一个月内注射的药物类型[P = 0.0024;（丁丙诺啡 aOR = 0.34，0.18-0.63）]，居住城市（P = 0.0083）和未获得 HIV 信息[ aOR = 1.82，1.07-3.09]。尽管只有 9.1％的 IDU 注射了麻黄碱，但其中绝大多数（81.4％）报告了最后一次注射时不安全的注射行为。不安全注射行为和多样化且有风险的性伴侣关系的高患病率突出表明，需要在佐治亚州的 IDU 中实施复杂和有针对性的 HIV 干预措施。
