Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2011 Jun;21(3):248-61. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.21.3.248.
Nutrition education aims to enhance knowledge and improve dietary intake in athletes. Understanding athletes' nutrition knowledge and its influence on dietary intake will inform nutrition-education programs in this population.
To systematically review the level of nutrition knowledge in athletes, benchmark this against nonathlete comparison groups, and determine the impact of nutrition knowledge on dietary intake.
An extensive literature search from the earliest record to March 2010 using the terms nutrition knowledge or diet knowledge and athlete or sport was conducted. Included studies recruited able or physically disabled, male or female, competitive (recreational or elite) athletes over the age of 13 yr. Quantitative assessment of knowledge and, if available, diet intake was required. Because of variability in the assessment of nutrition knowledge and dietary intake, meta-analysis was not conducted.
Twenty-nine studies (17 published before 2000) measuring nutrition knowledge (7 including a nonathlete comparison group) met inclusion criteria. Athletes' knowledge was equal to or better than that of nonathletes but lower than comparison groups including nutrition students. When found statistically significant, knowledge was greater in females than males. A weak (r < .44), positive association between knowledge and dietary intake was reported in 5 of 9 studies assessing this. Common flaws in articles included inadequate statistical reporting, instrument validation, and benchmarking.
The nutrition knowledge of athletes and its impact on their dietary intake is equivocal. There is a need for high-quality, contemporary research using validated tools to measure nutrition knowledge and its impact on dietary intake.
营养教育旨在提高运动员的知识水平并改善其饮食摄入。了解运动员的营养知识及其对饮食摄入的影响，将为该人群的营养教育计划提供信息。
系统回顾运动员的营养知识水平，与非运动员对照组进行比较，并确定营养知识对饮食摄入的影响。
从最早的记录到 2010 年 3 月，使用术语“营养知识”或“饮食知识”和“运动员”或“运动”进行了广泛的文献检索。纳入的研究招募了年龄在 13 岁及以上的有能力或身体残疾的、男性或女性的、竞技（娱乐或精英）运动员。需要对知识进行定量评估，如果可能的话，还需要对饮食摄入进行评估。由于营养知识和饮食摄入的评估存在差异，因此未进行荟萃分析。
有 29 项研究（其中 17 项发表于 2000 年之前）测量了营养知识（7 项研究包括非运动员对照组），符合纳入标准。运动员的知识水平与非运动员相当或更好，但低于包括营养学生在内的对照组。当知识在统计学上具有显著差异时，女性的知识水平高于男性。在评估这方面的 9 项研究中有 5 项报告了知识与饮食摄入之间存在微弱的（r <.44）正相关。文章中常见的缺陷包括统计报告、仪器验证和基准不足。
运动员的营养知识及其对饮食摄入的影响尚不确定。需要使用经过验证的工具进行高质量的、现代的研究，以测量营养知识及其对饮食摄入的影响。
