Stanford Sleep Epidemiology Research Center, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
Chronobiol Int. 2010 May;27(3):575-89. doi: 10.3109/07420521003749956.
Rotating shift and permanent night work arrangements are known to compromise sleep. This study examined the effects of work schedule on sleep duration, excessive sleepiness, sleep attacks, driving, and domestic/professional accidents. A representative sample of the general population of the state of New York--3,345 individuals > or = 18 yrs of age--was interviewed by telephone regarding their sleep and psychiatric and organic disorders. Multivariate models were applied to derive odds ratios (OR) after adjustment for age, sex, physical illness, mental disorders, obstructive sleep apnea, and sleep duration. On average (+/-SE), workers slept 6.7 +/- 1.5 h, but 40% slept < 6.5 h/main sleep episode. Short-sleep duration (< 6 h) was strongly associated with fixed night (OR: 1.7) and day-evening-night shiftwork arrangement (OR: 1.9). Some 20% of the workers manifested excessive sleepiness in situations requiring high attention, and it was associated with the fixed night (OR: 3.3) and day-evening-night work arrangements (OR: 1.5). Overall, 5% of the workers reported sleep attacks; however, they occurred three-times more frequently in the fixed night (15.3%) than other work arrangements (OR: 3.2). Driving accidents during the previous 12 months were reported by 3.6% of the workers and were associated with fixed night (OR: 3.9) and day-evening-night (OR: 2.1) work schedules. The findings of this study indicate that working outside the regular daytime hours was strongly associated with shorter sleep duration, sleepiness, and driving accident risk. Night work is the most disrupting, as it is associated with insufficient sleep during the designated rest span and excessive sleepiness and sleep attacks during the span of activity, with an associated consequence being increased driving accident risk.
轮班工作和永久性夜班安排已知会影响睡眠。本研究调查了工作时间表对睡眠时间、过度嗜睡、睡眠发作、驾驶和家庭/职业事故的影响。通过电话对纽约州的一般人群（3345 名年龄> = 18 岁的个体）进行了睡眠和精神及器质性疾病的代表性调查。采用多变量模型，在调整年龄、性别、身体疾病、精神障碍、阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停和睡眠时间后，得出比值比（OR）。平均（+/-SE），工人睡眠 6.7 +/- 1.5 小时，但 40%的人睡眠时间< 6.5 小时/主要睡眠时段。短睡眠时间（< 6 小时）与固定夜班（OR：1.7）和日夜班轮班工作安排（OR：1.9）密切相关。约 20%的工人在需要高度注意力的情况下表现出过度嗜睡，这与固定夜班（OR：3.3）和日夜班工作安排（OR：1.5）有关。总的来说，5%的工人报告有睡眠发作；然而，在固定夜班（15.3%）比其他工作安排（OR：3.2）中更为频繁地发生。在过去 12 个月中，有 3.6%的工人报告了驾驶事故，与固定夜班（OR：3.9）和日夜班（OR：2.1）工作安排有关。本研究的结果表明，在正常白天时间以外工作与睡眠时间较短、嗜睡和驾驶事故风险增加密切相关。夜班工作的干扰最大，因为它与在指定休息时段内睡眠不足以及在活动时段内过度嗜睡和睡眠发作有关，其相关后果是驾驶事故风险增加。
