Lahmann Nils A, Halfens Ruud Jg, Dassen Theo
Institut für Medizin/Pflegepädagogik und Pflegewissenschaft, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte Schumannstr. 20/21, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
Ostomy Wound Manage. 2006 Feb;52(2):20-33.
In German healthcare facilities, research-based knowledge of pressure ulcers and their relation to patient characteristics is limited. To provide information for national and international comparison on pressure ulcers and related issues, two cross-sectional surveys were conducted among 21,574 German hospital patients and nursing home residents (147 institutions total) in 2002 and 2003. Prevalence and frequency rates of pressure ulcers in people at risk (Braden score of </=20) in different institution types were compared and descriptive data on severity, location, history, and origin of 3,857 wounds were analyzed to examine the relationship between age, body mass index, and Braden score and the frequency and severity of wounds. The studies found that among all persons at risk, pressure ulcer prevalence was 21.1% and that the number of pressure ulcers per person was higher in hospitals (1.91, 24.6%) than in nursing homes (1.42, 13.9%). In addition, in hospital patients and nursing home residents, 36.4% and 46.7% of wounds, respectively, were grade 2 severity and higher. In both types of institutions, the most common pressure ulcer locations were the lower back and the heels. In hospital patients, 51.4% of pressure ulcers were facility-acquired, compared to 60.2% in nursing homes. In hospital patients and nursing home residents, 7.4% and 29.7% of wounds, respectively, had existed for more than 3 months. The studies also found that persons with lower Braden scale scores had more ulcers and more severe pressure ulcers. Analysis of wounds in this large patient population provides more detailed information about the problem of pressure ulcers and should help improve prevention and treatment.
在德国的医疗保健机构中，关于压疮及其与患者特征之间关系的基于研究的知识十分有限。为了提供有关压疮及相关问题的国内和国际比较信息，2002年和2003年对21574名德国医院患者和养老院居民（共147家机构）进行了两项横断面调查。比较了不同机构类型中高危人群（布拉德评分≤20）的压疮患病率和发生率，并分析了3857处伤口的严重程度、位置、病史和来源的描述性数据，以研究年龄、体重指数和布拉德评分与伤口频率和严重程度之间的关系。研究发现，在所有高危人群中，压疮患病率为21.1%，医院中每人的压疮数量（1.91，24.6%）高于养老院（1.42，13.9%）。此外，在医院患者和养老院居民中，分别有36.4%和46.7%的伤口为2级及以上严重程度。在这两种机构类型中，最常见的压疮部位是下背部和足跟。在医院患者中，51.4%的压疮是在医疗机构获得的，而在养老院中这一比例为60.2%。在医院患者和养老院居民中，分别有7.4%和29.7%的伤口存在超过3个月。研究还发现，布拉德量表评分较低的人有更多的溃疡和更严重的压疮。对这一庞大患者群体伤口的分析提供了有关压疮问题的更详细信息，应有助于改善预防和治疗。
