Centre Aéronautique et Spatial ISAE-SUPAERO, Université de Toulouse, 10 avenue E. Belin, 31055, Toulouse Cedex 4, France.
Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2011 Dec;36(4):231-42. doi: 10.1007/s10484-011-9163-0.
In this paper we examined plan continuation error (PCE), a well known error made by pilots consisting in continuing the flight plan despite adverse meteorological conditions. Our hypothesis is that a large range of strong negative emotional consequences, including those induced by economic pressure, are associated with the decision to revise the flight plan and favor PCE. We investigated the economic hypothesis with a simplified landing task (reproduction of a real aircraft instrument) in which uncertainty and reward were manipulated. Heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV) and eye tracking measurements were performed to get objective clues both on the cognitive and emotional state of the volunteers. Results showed that volunteers made more risky decisions under the influence of the financial incentive, in particular when uncertainty was high. Psychophysiological examination showed that HR increased and total HRV decreased in response to the cognitive load generated by the task. In addition, HR also increased in response to the financially motivated condition. Eventually, fixation times increased when uncertainty was high, confirming the difficulty in obtaining/interpreting information from the instrument in this condition. These results support the assumption that risky-decision making observed in pilots can be, at least partially, explained by a shift from cold to hot (emotional) decision-making in response to economic constraints and uncertainty.
在本文中，我们研究了计划延续错误（PCE），这是飞行员常犯的一个错误，即尽管存在不利的气象条件，仍继续执行飞行计划。我们的假设是，大量强烈的负面情绪后果，包括经济压力引起的后果，与修改飞行计划和倾向于 PCE 的决定有关。我们通过简化的着陆任务（真实飞机仪表的再现）研究了经济假设，其中操纵了不确定性和奖励。进行了心率（HR）、心率变异性（HRV）和眼动跟踪测量，以获得志愿者认知和情绪状态的客观线索。结果表明，志愿者在财务激励的影响下做出了更多的风险决策，特别是在不确定性高的情况下。心理生理学检查显示，心率随着任务产生的认知负荷增加而增加，总 HRV 减少。此外，HR 也随着受财务激励的条件而增加。最终，当不确定性高时，注视时间增加，证实了在这种情况下从仪器获取/解释信息的难度。这些结果支持这样的假设，即飞行员观察到的风险决策可以部分地解释为由于经济限制和不确定性而从冷决策（理性决策）向热决策（情绪决策）的转变。
