Myöhänen Kirsi, Vähäkangas Kirsi
Finnish Safety and Chemicals Agency (Tukes), Chemical Products Surveillance Group, Helsinki, FinlandFaculty of Health Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Toxicology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2012 Feb;110(2):101-12. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2011.00761.x. Epub 2011 Aug 8.
Exposure to many different chemicals during pregnancy through maternal circulation is possible. Transplacental transfer of xenobiotics can be demonstrated using human placental perfusion. Also, placental perfusion can give information about the placental kinetics as well as metabolism and accumulation in the placenta because it retains the tissue structure and function. Although human placental perfusion has been used extensively to study the transplacental transfer of drugs, the information on food and environmental carcinogens is much more limited. This review deals with the foetal exposure to food and environmental carcinogens in human beings. In particular, human transplacental transfer of the food carcinogens such as acrylamide, glycidamide and nitrosodimethylamine are in focus. Because these carcinogens are genotoxic, the functional capacity of human placenta to induce DNA adduct formation or metabolize these above mentioned CYP2E1 substrates is of interest in this context.
孕期通过母体循环接触多种不同化学物质是有可能的。使用人胎盘灌注可证明外源性物质的经胎盘转运。此外，胎盘灌注能够提供有关胎盘动力学以及胎盘内代谢和蓄积的信息，因为它保留了组织结构和功能。尽管人胎盘灌注已被广泛用于研究药物的经胎盘转运，但关于食品和环境致癌物的信息却极为有限。本综述探讨了人类胎儿接触食品和环境致癌物的情况。特别值得关注的是食品致癌物如丙烯酰胺、缩水甘油酰胺和亚硝基二甲胺的人胎盘转运。由于这些致癌物具有基因毒性，在此背景下，人胎盘诱导DNA加合物形成或代谢上述CYP2E1底物的功能能力备受关注。
