Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany.
Trends Neurosci. 2011 Aug;34(8):421-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2011.06.002.
It is becoming increasingly clear that members of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family have roles in the central nervous system that extend beyond their well-established roles as neurotrophic and neuroprotective factors. Recent findings have indicated that the TGF-β signaling pathways are involved in the modulation of both excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in the adult mammalian brain. In this review, we discuss how TGF-β, bone morphogenetic protein and activin signaling at central synapses modulate synaptic plasticity, cognition and affective behavior. We also discuss the implications of these findings for the molecular understanding and potential treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, such as anxiety, depression and other neurological disorders.
越来越明显的是，转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）家族成员在中枢神经系统中的作用超出了其作为神经营养和神经保护因子的既定作用。最近的研究结果表明，TGF-β 信号通路参与调节成年哺乳动物大脑中的兴奋性和抑制性突触传递。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了中枢突触处的 TGF-β、骨形态发生蛋白和激活素信号如何调节突触可塑性、认知和情感行为。我们还讨论了这些发现对神经精神疾病（如焦虑、抑郁和其他神经障碍）的分子理解和潜在治疗的意义。
