Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, USA.
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2012 Jan;67(1):18-26. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbr064. Epub 2011 Jul 9.
The purpose of the current study was to prospectively test the utility of a social cognitive theory (SCT) model of physical activity behavior over an 18-month period in middle-aged and older adults (N = 321; M age = 63.8 years).
Participants completed measures of self-efficacy, disability limitations, goals, outcome expectations, and physical activity at baseline and follow-up. Self-efficacy was hypothesized to influence physical activity both directly and indirectly through goals and outcome expectations. Relationships were examined using panel analysis within a covariance modeling framework.
The model provided an excellent fit to the data (χ(2) = 36.16, df = 30, p = .20; comparative fit index = 1.00; root mean square error of approximation = .03). At baseline, self-efficacy was directly related to outcome expectations, disability limitations, goals, and physical activity and indirectly related to physical activity through physical outcome expectations. Changes in self-efficacy were significantly related to residual changes in outcome expectations, disability limitations, goals, and physical activity and indirectly related to residual changes in physical activity through changes in physical and social outcome expectations.
These results provide further support for the use of SCT to physical activity behavior in middle-aged and older adults. Self-efficacy influenced physical activity both directly and indirectly via outcome expectations, suggesting that these variables should be targeted in physical activity interventions for middle-aged and older adults.
本研究旨在前瞻性检验社会认知理论（SCT）模型在中年及以上成年人（N=321；平均年龄=63.8 岁）中对 18 个月期间身体活动行为的实用性。
参与者在基线和随访时完成自我效能、残疾限制、目标、结果期望和身体活动的测量。假设自我效能通过目标和结果期望直接和间接地影响身体活动。使用协方差建模框架中的面板分析来检验关系。
该模型非常适合数据（χ²=36.16，df=30，p=.20；比较拟合指数=1.00；均方根误差近似值=0.03）。在基线时，自我效能与结果期望、残疾限制、目标和身体活动直接相关，通过身体结果期望与身体活动间接相关。自我效能的变化与结果期望、残疾限制、目标和身体活动的剩余变化显著相关，并通过身体和社会结果期望的变化与身体活动的剩余变化间接相关。
这些结果为 SCT 在中年及以上成年人的身体活动行为中的应用提供了进一步的支持。自我效能直接和间接地通过结果期望影响身体活动，这表明这些变量应该成为中年及以上成年人身体活动干预的目标。
