Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
Dev Psychol. 2011 Jul;47(4):984-90. doi: 10.1037/a0023819.
The potential effect of gender on intellectual abilities remains controversial. The purpose of this research was to analyze gender differences in cognitive test performance among children from continuous age groups. For this purpose, the normative data from 7 domains of the newly developed neuropsychological test battery, the Evaluación Neuropsicológica Infantil [Child Neuropsychological Assessment] (Matute, Rosselli, Ardila, & Ostrosky-Solis, 2007), were analyzed. The sample included 788 monolingual children (350 boys, 438 girls) ages 5 to 16 years from Mexico and Colombia. Gender differences were observed in oral language (language expression and language comprehension), spatial abilities (recognition of pictures seen from different angles), and visual (Object Integration Test) and tactile perceptual tasks, with boys outperforming girls in most cases, except for the tactile tasks. Gender accounted for only a very small percentage of the variance (1%-3%). Gender x Age interactions were observed for the tactile tasks only. It was concluded that gender differences during cognitive development are minimal, appear in only a small number of tests, and account for only a low percentage of the score variance.
性别对智力的潜在影响仍然存在争议。本研究的目的是分析儿童在认知测试表现中的性别差异，这些儿童来自连续的年龄组。为此，分析了新开发的神经心理学测试组合的 7 个领域的规范数据，即儿童神经心理评估[Child Neuropsychological Assessment]（Matute、Rosselli、Ardila 和 Ostrosky-Solis，2007）。该样本包括来自墨西哥和哥伦比亚的 788 名单语儿童（350 名男孩，438 名女孩），年龄在 5 至 16 岁之间。在口语（语言表达和语言理解）、空间能力（识别从不同角度看到的图片）以及视觉（物体整合测试）和触觉感知任务中观察到了性别差异，在大多数情况下，男孩的表现优于女孩，触觉任务除外。性别仅占方差的很小比例（1%-3%）。仅在触觉任务中观察到性别x年龄的交互作用。结论是，认知发展过程中的性别差异很小，仅出现在少数几个测试中，且仅占分数方差的一小部分。
