Department of Ethnobotany, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Kuskokwim Campus, 201 Akiak Dr, Bethel, AK, USA.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2011 Jul 11;7:20. doi: 10.1186/1746-4269-7-20.
Ethno botanical research was carried out with speakers of Iquitos, a critically endangered Amazonian language of the Zaparoan family. The study focused on the concept of "dieting" (siyan++ni in Iquitos), a practice involving prohibitions considered necessary to the healing process. These restrictions include: 1) foods and activities that can exacerbate illness, 2) environmental influences that conflict with some methods of healing (e.g. steam baths or enemas) and 3) foods and activities forbidden by the spirits of certain powerful medicinal plants. The study tested the following hypotheses: H1--Each restriction will correlate with specific elements in illness explanatory models and H2--Illnesses whose explanatory models have personality elements will show a greater number and variety of restrictions than those based on naturalistic reasoning.
The work was carried out in 2009 and 2010 in the Alto Nanay region of Peru. In structured interviews, informants gave explanatory models for illness categories, including etiologies, pathophysiologies, treatments and dietary restrictions necessary for 49 illnesses. Seventeen botanical vouchers for species said to have powerful spirits that require diets were also collected.
All restrictions found correspond to some aspect of illness explanatory models. Thirty-five percent match up with specific illness etiologies, 53% correspond to particular pathophysiologies, 18% correspond with overall seriousness of the illness and 18% are only found with particular forms of treatment. Diets based on personalistic reasoning have a significantly higher average number of restrictions than those based on naturalistic reasoning.
Dieting plays a central role in healing among Iquitos speakers. Specific prohibitions can be explained in terms of specific aspects of illness etiologies, pathophysiologies and treatments. Although the Amazonian literature contains few studies focusing on dietary proscriptions over a wide range of illnesses, some specific restrictions reported here do correspond with trends seen in other Amazonian societies, particularly those related to sympathetic reasoning and for magical and spiritual uses of plants.
民族植物学研究是与伊基托斯（Iquitos）的使用者进行的，伊基托斯是扎帕罗语（Zaparoan）家族中一种濒临灭绝的亚马逊语言。该研究侧重于“节食”（siyan++ni 在伊基托斯）的概念，这种做法涉及到治愈过程中被认为是必要的禁忌。这些限制包括：1）可能加重疾病的食物和活动，2）与某些治疗方法（例如蒸汽浴或灌肠）冲突的环境影响，以及 3）某些药用植物的神灵禁止的食物和活动。该研究检验了以下假设：H1-每种限制都将与疾病解释模型中的特定元素相关联，H2-具有人格元素的疾病解释模型将显示比基于自然推理的疾病更多和更多样的限制。
这项工作于 2009 年至 2010 年在秘鲁的 Alto Nanay 地区进行。在结构化访谈中，受访者给出了包括病因、病理生理学、治疗和 49 种疾病所需的饮食限制在内的疾病类别解释模型。还收集了 17 种据说具有强大神灵的植物标本，这些神灵需要节食。
所有发现的限制都与疾病解释模型的某些方面相对应。35%与特定的病因相对应，53%与特定的病理生理学相对应，18%与疾病的总体严重程度相对应，18%仅与特定的治疗形式相对应。基于人格推理的饮食限制比基于自然推理的饮食限制平均数量要多得多。
在伊基托斯语使用者中，节食在治疗中起着核心作用。具体的禁忌可以根据疾病病因、病理生理学和治疗的特定方面来解释。尽管亚马逊文学中很少有研究关注广泛的疾病饮食禁忌，但这里报告的一些特定限制确实与其他亚马逊社会中看到的趋势相对应，特别是与交感推理以及植物的神奇和精神用途相对应的趋势。
