Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012 Mar;66(3):430-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2010.11.050. Epub 2011 Jul 13.
Skin cancer is one of the most common cancers in the United States. Lifeguards are at increased risk of excessive sun exposure and sunburn.
We sought to examine changes in: (1) sunburn frequency over a summer while controlling for sun exposure, sun protection habits, and participation in a skin cancer prevention program; and (2) tanning attitudes while controlling for participation in the program.
Participants in this study were lifeguards (n = 3014) at swimming pools participating in the Pool Cool program in 2005. Lifeguards completed surveys at the beginning and end of the summer. Sequential regression analyses were used to assess changes in sunburn frequency and tanning attitudes.
Sunburn frequency decreased between baseline and follow-up. Having a sunburn over the summer was significantly predicted by baseline sunburn history, ethnicity, skin cancer risk, and sun exposure. The tanning attitude, "People are more attractive if they have a tan," was significantly predicted from baseline tanning attitude and ethnicity. The second tanning attitude, "It helps to have a good base suntan," was significantly predicted by baseline tanning attitude, ethnicity, basic/enhanced group, and moderate skin cancer risk.
Self-reported data and limited generalizability to lifeguards at other outdoor pools are limitations.
The findings showed that previous sunburn history is an important predictor of sunburn prospectively. In addition, a more risky tanning attitude is an important predictor of future attitudes toward tanning. Active involvement in targeted prevention programs may help to increase preventive behavior and health risk reduction.
皮肤癌是美国最常见的癌症之一。救生员面临过度暴露在阳光下和晒伤的风险增加。
我们旨在研究以下方面的变化：（1）在控制阳光暴露、防晒习惯和参加皮肤癌预防计划的情况下，一个夏天晒伤的频率；（2）在控制参加该计划的情况下，晒黑态度的变化。
本研究的参与者是参加 2005 年泳池酷计划的游泳池救生员（n=3014）。救生员在夏季开始和结束时完成了调查。顺序回归分析用于评估晒伤频率和晒黑态度的变化。
晒伤频率在基线和随访之间降低。夏季晒伤与基线晒伤史、种族、皮肤癌风险和阳光暴露显著相关。晒黑态度“如果有晒黑，人们会更有吸引力”，与基线晒黑态度和种族显著相关。第二个晒黑态度“拥有良好的基础晒黑有助于晒黑”，与基线晒黑态度、种族、基础/增强组和中度皮肤癌风险显著相关。
本研究存在局限性，包括自我报告的数据和对其他户外泳池救生员的有限适用性。
研究结果表明，先前的晒伤史是预测未来晒伤的重要因素。此外，更危险的晒黑态度是未来晒黑态度的重要预测因素。积极参与有针对性的预防计划可能有助于增加预防行为和降低健康风险。
