Department of Psychology, Mirail University, Toulouse, France.
Psychol Health Med. 2011 Aug;16(4):418-29. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2011.555770.
Two studies examined the motives that lay behind patients' acceptance or reluctance at donating organs after death. They also examined the way these motives were related to demographic characteristics, personality, and signing a donor card. Six separable motives for donation were found: Financial Incentive, Humanistic or Religious Duty, Positive Consideration from Others, Living on Through a Receiver, Gift of Life, and Close Others. Five motives for not donating were found: Preserving the Absolute Integrity of the Corpus, Strict Individualism, Lack of Control over the Use of the Organs, Anonymity of the Procedure, and Respecting Family Wishes. These motives were linked to personality factors in a meaningful way. Willingness to sign was higher among female participants and among participants with lower scores on Integrity of the Corpus and higher scores on Duty and Gift of Life. When Integrity of the Corpus scored highly, however, the effect of the other factors was practically eliminated. In other words, Integrity of the Corpus acted as a protected value: Trying to change people's belief that the integrity of the corpus at death is a sacrosanct issue would come with its own ethical issues.
两项研究考察了患者在死后接受或拒绝器官捐献的动机。它们还考察了这些动机与人口统计学特征、个性和签署捐献卡之间的关系。发现了六个可分离的捐献动机：经济激励、人道主义或宗教义务、他人的积极考虑、通过受体延续生命、生命的礼物和亲近的人。发现了五个不捐献的动机：保持尸体的绝对完整、严格的个人主义、对器官使用缺乏控制、程序匿名和尊重家庭意愿。这些动机与人格因素有意义地联系在一起。女性参与者和 Corpus 完整性得分较低、职责和生命礼物得分较高的参与者更愿意签署。然而，当 Corpus 的完整性得分很高时，其他因素的影响实际上被消除了。换句话说，Corpus 的完整性起到了保护价值的作用：试图改变人们的信念，即死亡时尸体的完整性是一个神圣不可侵犯的问题，将会带来自身的伦理问题。
