Department for Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Centre for Materials and Coastal Research, Max-Planck-Strasse 1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 15;45(16):6793-9. doi: 10.1021/es201850n. Epub 2011 Jul 22.
Marine boundary layer air and seawater samples taken during a polar expedition cruise from East China Sea to the Arctic were analyzed in order to compare the occurrence, distribution, and fate of the banned polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) with their brominated alternatives as well as the chlorinated Dechloranes. The sum of PBDEs (∑(10)PBDEs) in the atmosphere ranged from 0.07 to 8.1 pg m(-3) with BDE-209 being the dominating congener and from not detected (n.d.) to 0.6 pg L(-1) in seawater. Alternate brominated flame retardants (BFRs), especially hexabromobenzene (HBB), (2,3-dibromopropyl-2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (DPTE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EHTBB), bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), were detected in higher concentrations than PBDEs, even in the high Arctic (0.6 to 15.4 pg m(-3) for sum of alternate BFRs), indicating the change of PBDEs toward alternate BFRs in the environmental predominance. In addition, Dechlorane Plus (DP) as well as Dechlorane 602, 603, and 604 were detected both in the atmosphere and in seawater. The highest concentrations as well as the highest compound variability were observed in East Asian samples suggesting the Asian continent as source of these compounds in the marine environment. The air-seawater exchange indicates strong deposition, especially of alternate BFRs, as well as dry particle-bound deposition of BDE-209 into the ocean.
为了比较禁用的多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）与其溴代替代品以及氯化的十氯代二苯并对二恶英和呋喃（Dechloranes）的出现、分布和归宿，分析了在从东海到北极的极地考察航次中采集的海洋边界层空气和海水样本。大气中的 PBDEs 总和（∑（10）PBDEs）范围从 0.07 到 8.1 pg m(-3)，其中 BDE-209 是主要同系物，海水中则从未检出（n.d.）到 0.6 pg L(-1)。替代溴化阻燃剂（BFRs），尤其是六溴苯（HBB）、（2,3-二溴丙基-2,4,6-三溴苯基醚（DPTE）、五溴甲苯（PBT）、2-乙基己基 2,3,4,5-四溴邻苯二甲酸酯（EHTBB）、双（2-乙基己基）-四溴邻苯二甲酸酯（TBPH），即使在北极（替代 BFRs 的总和为 0.6 至 15.4 pg m(-3)）也比 PBDEs 检测到的浓度更高，这表明在环境优势方面，PBDEs 已朝着替代 BFRs 转变。此外，还在大气和海水中检测到了十氯代二苯并对二恶英和呋喃（DP）以及六氯代二苯并对二恶英和呋喃（Dechlorane 602、603 和 604）。东亚样本中观察到最高的浓度和最高的化合物多样性，表明亚洲大陆是这些化合物在海洋环境中的来源。空气-海水交换表明存在强烈的沉积，特别是替代 BFRs，以及 BDE-209 以干颗粒结合的形式向海洋的沉积。
