Laboratory of Physiology and Toxicology of Reproduction, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland.
INRAE, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380, Nouzilly, France.
Endocrine. 2022 Nov;78(2):205-218. doi: 10.1007/s12020-022-03061-4. Epub 2022 Apr 27.
The prevalence of adult obesity has risen markedly in recent decades. The endocrine system precisely regulates energy balance, fat abundance and fat deposition. Interestingly, white adipose tissue is an endocrine gland producing adipokines, which regulate whole-body physiology, including energy balance and reproduction. Endocrine disruptor chemicals (EDCs) include natural substances or chemicals that affect the endocrine system by multiple mechanisms and increase the risk of adverse health outcomes. Numerous studies have associated exposure to EDCs with obesity, classifying them as obesogens by their ability to activate different mechanisms, including the differentiation of adipocytes, increasing the storage of triglycerides, or elevating the number of adipocytes. Moreover, in recent years, not only industrial deception and obesity have intensified but also the problem of human infertility. Reproductive functions depend on hormone interactions, the balance of which may be disrupted by various EDCs or obesity. This review gives a brief summary of common EDCs linked with obesity, the mechanisms of their action, and the effect on adipokine levels, reproduction and connected disorders, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, decrease in sperm motility, preeclampsia, intrauterine growth restriction in females and decrease of sperm motility in males.
近年来，成年人肥胖的患病率显著上升。内分泌系统精确地调节能量平衡、脂肪丰度和脂肪沉积。有趣的是，白色脂肪组织是一种内分泌腺，可产生调节全身生理机能的脂肪因子，包括能量平衡和生殖。内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）包括通过多种机制影响内分泌系统的天然物质或化学物质，并增加不良健康后果的风险。许多研究将接触内分泌干扰化学物质与肥胖联系起来，根据它们激活不同机制的能力将其归类为致肥胖物，包括脂肪细胞的分化、增加甘油三酯的储存或增加脂肪细胞的数量。此外，近年来，不仅工业欺骗和肥胖问题加剧，而且人类不育问题也加剧。生殖功能取决于激素相互作用，而这些平衡可能会被各种内分泌干扰化学物质或肥胖所破坏。本文简要总结了与肥胖相关的常见内分泌干扰化学物质，它们的作用机制，以及对脂肪因子水平、生殖和相关疾病（如多囊卵巢综合征、精子活力下降、子痫前期、女性宫内生长受限和男性精子活力下降）的影响。
