Dpt. Ingeniería Química, E.T.S. Ingenieros Industriales, Campus As Lagoas, Marcosende, Universidad de Vigo, Spain.
Waste Manag. 2011 Nov;31(11):2327-35. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2011.06.001. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
Wine production generates huge amounts of waste. Before the 1990s, the most economical option for waste removal was the payment of a disposal fee usually being of around 3000 Euros. However, in recent years the disposal fee and fines for unauthorized discharges have increased considerably, often reaching 30,000-40,000 Euros, and a prison sentence is sometimes also imposed. Some environmental friendly technologies have been proposed for the valorization of winery waste products. Fermentation of grape marc, trimming vine shoot or vinification lees has been reported to produce lactic acid, biosurfactants, xylitol, ethanol and other compounds. Furthermore, grape marc and seeds are rich in phenolic compounds, which have antioxidants properties, and vinasse contains tartaric acid that can be extracted and commercialized. Companies must therefore invest in new technologies to decrease the impact of agro-industrial residues on the environment and to establish new processes that will provide additional sources of income.
葡萄酒生产会产生大量的废物。在 20 世纪 90 年代之前，最经济的废物处理方式是支付通常约为 3000 欧元的处理费。然而，近年来，非法排放的处理费和罚款大幅增加，通常达到 30000-40000 欧元，有时还会被判处监禁。已经提出了一些环保技术来实现酿酒厂废物产品的增值利用。据报道，葡萄渣、修剪葡萄藤或酿酒废料的发酵可以生产乳酸、生物表面活性剂、木糖醇、乙醇和其他化合物。此外，葡萄皮和种子富含具有抗氧化特性的酚类化合物，酒糟中含有可提取和商业化的酒石酸。因此，各公司必须投资新技术，以减少农业产业废弃物对环境的影响，并建立新的工艺，为公司提供额外的收入来源。
