Zhang Nansen, Hoadley Andrew, Patel Jim, Lim Seng, Li Chao'en
School of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
CSIRO Energy, 71 Normanby Road, Clayton North, Victoria 3169, Australia.
Waste Manag. 2017 Feb;60:173-183. doi: 10.1016/j.wasman.2017.01.006. Epub 2017 Jan 13.
The efficient use of solid organic waste materials is an issue of particular importance for the wine industry. This paper focuses on the valorization of grape marc, the major component of winery organic waste (60-70%). Two methods were designed and compared: combustion to generate electricity, and the pyrolysis for the production of bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas. Each of these processes was analysed to determine their economic and environmental viability. The flow-sheeting software, ASPEN PLUS, was used to model the two cases. Data from the simulations was used to inform techno-economic and environmental analyses. Pyrolysis was found to be the superior method of utilizing grape marc from both economic and environmental perspectives. Both pyrolysis and combustion exploit the energy content of the waste, which is not recovered by the traditional treatments, composting or distillation. In addition to the production of energy, pyrolysis yielded 151kg of bio-char and 140kg of bio-oil per tonne of grape marc. These products may be used in place of fossil fuels, resulting in a net reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. However, the potential deleterious effects resulting from the replacement of the traditional treatments was not considered. Investment in either pyrolysis or combustion had a negligible impact on the price of the wine produced for wineries with an annual grape crush larger than 1000 tonnes. Composting has significant economic advantages in wineries with a small grape crush of less than 50 tonnes.
固体有机废料的有效利用对葡萄酒行业而言是一个尤为重要的问题。本文聚焦于酿酒葡萄皮渣的价值利用，它是酿酒厂有机废料的主要成分（占60 - 70%）。设计并比较了两种方法：燃烧发电以及热解以生产生物炭、生物油和生物气。对每个过程进行了分析，以确定其经济和环境可行性。使用流程模拟软件ASPEN PLUS对这两种情况进行建模。模拟数据用于技术经济和环境分析。从经济和环境角度来看，热解被发现是利用葡萄皮渣的更优方法。热解和燃烧都利用了废料中的能量，而传统处理方法堆肥或蒸馏并未回收这些能量。除了生产能源外，热解每吨葡萄皮渣可产生151千克生物炭和140千克生物油。这些产品可替代化石燃料，从而实现二氧化碳排放量的净减少。然而，未考虑因替代传统处理方法可能产生的有害影响。对于年葡萄压榨量超过1000吨的酿酒厂，投资热解或燃烧对所生产葡萄酒的价格影响可忽略不计。对于葡萄压榨量小于50吨的小型酿酒厂，堆肥具有显著的经济优势。
