Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Am J Hypertens. 2011 Oct;24(10):1121-6. doi: 10.1038/ajh.2011.120. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
High dose fish oil supplementation reduces blood pressure (BP) in hypertensive patients. The current study examines how modest variations in omega-3 fatty acid intake may affect BP in a healthy community sample.
Study participants included 265 Pittsburgh-area adults 30-54 years of age (11% black, 51% female) not taking omega-3 fatty acid supplements or antihypertensive medications. Standardized assessments of clinic and 24-h ambulatory BP, and pulse rate were obtained. Docosahexanenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in fasting serum phospholipids were measured by capillary gas chromatography. Regression analyses controlled for age, gender, race, body mass index (BMI), self-reported sodium intake, and physical activity.
Participants included 181(68%) normotensives, 66 (25%) prehypertensives, and 18 (7%) persons with untreated hypertension. DHA was inversely associated with clinic diastolic (β = -0.121, P = 0.03), awake ambulatory diastolic BP (β = -0.164, P = 0.004), and 24-h diastolic BP (β = -0.135, P = 0.02). A two standard deviation greater DHA was associated with 2.1 mm Hg lower clinic and 2.3 mm Hg lower awake ambulatory diastolic BP. In addition, DHA was inversely associated with pulse rate measured at rest in the clinic. EPA was related to clinic pulse rate but not clinic or ambulatory BP.
In this sample of American adults not on antihypertensive medications, a modest, inverse association was found between DHA exposure and both clinic and ambulatory diastolic BP. Therefore, increasing DHA consumption through diet modification rather than large dose supplementation represents a candidate strategy for future studies of hypertension prevention.
高剂量的鱼油补充剂可降低高血压患者的血压。本研究旨在探讨健康人群中，ω-3 脂肪酸摄入量的适度变化如何影响血压。
研究对象为 265 名匹兹堡地区 30-54 岁的成年人（11%为黑人，51%为女性），他们均未服用 ω-3 脂肪酸补充剂或抗高血压药物。通过标准化评估诊所和 24 小时动态血压及脉搏率。采用毛细管气相色谱法测量空腹血清磷脂中的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA）和二十碳五烯酸（EPA）。回归分析控制了年龄、性别、种族、体重指数（BMI）、自我报告的钠摄入量和体力活动。
参与者包括 181 名（68%）血压正常者、66 名（25%）血压前期者和 18 名（7%）未经治疗的高血压患者。DHA 与诊所舒张压（β=-0.121，P=0.03）、清醒动态舒张压（β=-0.164，P=0.004）和 24 小时舒张压（β=-0.135，P=0.02）呈负相关。DHA 增加两个标准差与诊所舒张压降低 2.1mmHg 和清醒动态舒张压降低 2.3mmHg 相关。此外，DHA 与诊所静息时的脉搏率呈负相关。EPA 与诊所脉搏率有关，但与诊所或动态血压无关。
在未服用抗高血压药物的美国成年人样本中，发现 DHA 暴露与诊所和动态舒张压呈适度负相关。因此，通过饮食调整而非大剂量补充来增加 DHA 摄入可能是未来高血压预防研究的一种策略。
