Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, PR, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2011 Aug;44(8):801-9. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500086. Epub 2011 Jul 8.
The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of volume and composition of fluid replacement on the physical performance of male football referees. Ten referees were evaluated during three official matches. In one match the participants were asked to consume mineral water ad libitum, and in the others they consumed a pre-determined volume of mineral water or a carbohydrate electrolyte solution (6.4% carbohydrate and 22 mM Na+) equivalent to 1% of their baseline body mass (half before the match and half during the interval). Total water loss, sweat rate and match physiological performance were measured. When rehydrated ad libitum (pre-match and at half time) participants lost 1.97 ± 0.18% of their pre-match body mass (2.14 ± 0.19 L). This parameter was significantly reduced when they consumed a pre-determined volume of fluid. Sweat rate was significantly reduced when the referees ingested a pre-determined volume of a carbohydrate electrolyte solution, 0.72 ± 0.12 vs 1.16 ± 0.11 L/h ad libitum. The high percentage (74.1%) of movements at low speed (walking, jogging) observed when they ingested fluid ad libitum was significantly reduced to 71% with mineral water and to 69.9% with carbohydrate solution. An increase in percent movement expended in backward running was observed when they consumed a pre-determined volume of carbohydrate solution, 7.7 ± 0.5 vs 5.5 ± 0.5% ad libitum. The improved hydration status achieved with the carbohydrate electrolyte solution reduced the length of time spent in activities at low-speed movements and increased the time spent in activities demanding high-energy expenditure.
本研究旨在确定液体容量和组成对男性足球裁判员身体表现的影响。在三场正式比赛中，评估了 10 名裁判员。在一场比赛中，要求参与者随意饮用矿泉水，而在另一场比赛中，他们则饮用预先确定的矿泉水或碳水化合物电解质溶液（6.4%碳水化合物和 22mM Na+），相当于其基础体重的 1%（比赛前一半，比赛间隔期一半）。测量了总失水量、出汗率和比赛生理表现。当随意补水（比赛前和中场休息时）时，参与者损失了 1.97±0.18%的比赛前体重（2.14±0.19L）。当他们摄入预先确定的液体量时，这个参数显著降低。当裁判员摄入预先确定的碳水化合物电解质溶液量时，出汗率显著降低，分别为 0.72±0.12 比 1.16±0.11L/h 随意。当他们随意摄入液体时，观察到的低速度（步行、慢跑）运动的高比例（74.1%）显著降低到 71%的矿泉水和 69.9%的碳水化合物溶液。当他们摄入预先确定的碳水化合物溶液量时，向后跑动的运动百分比增加了 7.7±0.5 比随意的 5.5±0.5%。碳水化合物电解质溶液带来的更好的水合状态降低了低强度运动活动所花费的时间，并增加了高强度能量消耗活动所花费的时间。
