Castillo Daniel, Cámara Jesús, Castagna Carlo, Yanci Javier
Faculty of Education and Sport, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
Football Training and Biomechanics Laboratory, Italian Football Federation (FIGC), Technical Department, Coverciano (Florence), Italy.
J Hum Kinet. 2017 Mar 12;56:159-166. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0033. eCollection 2017 Feb.
The evolution of referees' physical fitness has been studied over one or several seasons, however, the variation of the physical performance between the end of the competitive season (T1) and the start of the following pre-season (T2) has not been ascertained. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the effects of the transition period on physical performance variables (i.e. linear straight sprint, change of direction ability and endurance) in National Soccer Division referees. Forty-five Spanish referees volunteered to participate in this study. Participants were classified according to competitive status, field referees (FR, n = 23) and assistant referees (AR, n = 22). A loss of performance (p < 0.05) was observed in the 20 and 30 m linear straight sprint between T1 and T2 in both FR (1.64-1.56%, d = 0.29 to 0.32) and AR (2.01-3.41%, d = 0.33 to 0.60). In T2 the FR significantly improved the distance covered (p < 0.05, 13.11%, d = 0.39) in the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery test (YYIR1). Besides, significant differences were observed between FR and AR in the distance covered (p < 0.05, -23.55%, d = -0.97) in the YYIR1 test in T2. More research may be necessary to focus on the off-season period in order to implement specific training programs and consequently reduce the loss of sprint ability in field and assistant referees and the decrease in cardiovascular fitness in assistant referees.
已经对裁判体能在一个或几个赛季中的演变进行了研究，然而，尚未确定赛季结束时（T1）与随后季前赛开始时（T2）之间体能表现的变化情况。因此，本研究的目的是分析过渡时期对国家足球联赛裁判体能表现变量（即直线短跑、变向能力和耐力）的影响。45名西班牙裁判自愿参与本研究。参与者根据裁判类型进行分类，主裁判（FR，n = 23）和助理裁判（AR，n = 22）。在T1和T2之间，主裁判（1.64 - 1.56%，d = 0.29至0.32）和助理裁判（2.01 - 3.41%，d = 0.33至0.60）在20米和30米直线短跑中均出现了表现下降（p < 0.05）。在T2时，主裁判在Yo-Yo间歇恢复测试（YYIR1）中的跑距显著提高（p < 0.05，13.11%，d = 0.39）。此外，在T2的YYIR1测试中，主裁判和助理裁判在跑距上存在显著差异（p < 0.05，-23.55%，d = -0.97）。可能需要更多研究关注休赛期，以便实施特定的训练计划，从而减少主裁判和助理裁判的短跑能力下降以及助理裁判心血管适能的降低。
