Mt. Hope Family Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627, USA.
Dev Psychopathol. 2011 Aug;23(3):801-14. doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000319.
Guided by an evolutionary model of allostatic load, this study examined the hypothesis that the association between interparental aggression and subsequent changes in children's cortisol reactivity to interparental conflict is moderated by their temperamental dispositions. Participants of the multimethod, longitudinal study included 201 2-year-old toddlers and their mothers. These children experienced elevated levels of aggression between parents. Consistent with the theory, the results indicated that interparental aggression predicted greater cortisol reactivity over a 1-year period for children who exhibited high levels of temperamental inhibition and vigilance. Conversely, for children with bold, aggressive temperamental characteristics, interparental aggression was marginally associated with diminished cortisol reactivity. Further underscoring its implications for allostatic load, increasing cortisol reactivity over the one year span was related to concomitant increases in internalizing symptoms but decreases in attention and hyperactivity difficulties. In supporting the evolutionary conceptualization, these results further supported the relative developmental advantages and costs associated with escalating and dampened cortisol reactivity to interparental conflict.
本研究以适应负荷的进化模型为指导，检验了以下假设：父母间的攻击行为与儿童对父母冲突的皮质醇反应性的后续变化之间的关联，受到其气质特征的调节。这项多方法、纵向研究的参与者包括 201 名 2 岁的幼儿及其母亲。这些孩子经历了父母之间更高水平的攻击行为。与理论一致的是，结果表明，对于表现出高水平气质抑制和警觉性的儿童，父母间的攻击行为预示着皮质醇反应性在 1 年内会更高。相反，对于具有大胆、攻击性气质特征的儿童，父母间的攻击行为与皮质醇反应性下降呈边缘相关。进一步强调其对适应负荷的影响，皮质醇反应性在一年期间的增加与同时发生的内化症状增加和注意力和多动困难减少有关。这些结果支持了进化概念，进一步支持了与父母冲突的皮质醇反应性增加和减弱相关的相对发展优势和成本。
