Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB, UK.
Vaccine. 2011 Sep 2;29(38):6472-84. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.06.107. Epub 2011 Jul 12.
In June 2009 a global influenza pandemic was declared by the World Health Organisation. A vaccination programme against H1N1 influenza was introduced in many countries from September 2009, but there was low uptake in both the general population and health professionals in many, though not all, countries.
To examine the psychological and demographic factors associated with uptake of vaccination during the 2009 pandemic.
A systematic literature review searching Web of Science and PubMed databases up to 24 January 2011.
37 articles met the study inclusion criteria. Using the framework of Protection Motivation Theory the review found that both the degree of threat experienced in the 2009 pandemic influenza outbreak and perceptions of vaccination as an effective coping strategy were associated with stronger intentions and higher uptake of vaccination. Appraisal of threat resulted from both believing oneself to be at risk from developing H1N1 influenza and concern and worry about the disease. Appraisal of coping resulted from concerns about the safety of the vaccine and its side effects. There was evidence of an influence of social pressure in that people who thought that others wanted them to be vaccinated were more likely to do so and people getting their information about vaccination from official health sources being more likely to be vaccinated than those relying on unofficial sources. There was also a strong influence of past behaviour, with those having been vaccinated in the past against seasonal influenza being more likely to be vaccinated against pandemic influenza. Demographic factors associated with higher intentions and uptake of vaccination were: older age, male gender, being from an ethnic minority and, for health professionals, being a doctor.
Interventions designed to increase vaccination rates could be developed and implemented in advance of a pandemic. Strategies to improve uptake of vaccination include interventions which highlight the risk posed by pandemic influenza while simultaneously offering tactics to ameliorate this risk (e.g. vaccination). Perceived concerns about vaccination can be tackled by reducing the omission bias (a perception that harm caused by action is worse than harm caused by inaction). In addition, interventions to increase seasonal influenza vaccination in advance of a future pandemic may be an effective strategy.
2009 年 6 月，世界卫生组织宣布发生全球性流感大流行。从 2009 年 9 月开始，许多国家推出了针对 H1N1 流感的疫苗接种计划，但在许多国家（并非所有国家），普通民众和卫生专业人员的接种率都很低。
研究与 2009 年大流行期间疫苗接种相关的心理和人口统计学因素。
系统文献综述，检索 Web of Science 和 PubMed 数据库，检索截至 2011 年 1 月 24 日。
37 篇文章符合研究纳入标准。使用保护动机理论框架，该综述发现，在 2009 年流感大流行中感受到的威胁程度以及将接种疫苗视为有效应对策略的看法，与更强的接种意愿和更高的接种率有关。威胁评估既来自于认为自己有感染 H1N1 流感的风险，也来自于对疾病的担忧和担忧。应对评估来自于对疫苗安全性及其副作用的担忧。有证据表明社会压力的影响，即认为他人希望自己接种疫苗的人更有可能接种疫苗，而从官方卫生来源获取疫苗接种信息的人比依赖非官方来源的人更有可能接种疫苗。过去行为的影响也很强，过去接种过季节性流感疫苗的人更有可能接种大流行流感疫苗。与更高的接种意愿和接种率相关的人口统计学因素包括：年龄较大、男性、少数民族，对于卫生专业人员而言，是医生。
可以在大流行之前制定和实施旨在提高疫苗接种率的干预措施。提高疫苗接种率的策略包括强调大流行性流感带来的风险，同时提供减轻这种风险的策略（例如接种疫苗）。可以通过减少忽略偏差（即认为行动造成的伤害比不作为造成的伤害更严重的看法）来解决对疫苗接种的担忧。此外，在未来大流行之前提前进行季节性流感疫苗接种的干预措施可能是一种有效的策略。
