Pascucci Domenico, Lontano Alberto, Marziali Eleonora, Vetrugno Giuseppe, Moscato Umberto, Laurenti Patrizia
Department of Life Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy.
Health Management, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2025 Dec;21(1):2493027. doi: 10.1080/21645515.2025.2493027. Epub 2025 May 8.
Healthcare workers (HCWs) are essential in preventing and managing infectious diseases. Despite their critical role, vaccination coverage among HCWs remains suboptimal, endangering not only patient safety and healthcare system efficiency, but also HCWs' own health due to their frequent exposure to infectious agents. This study examines a decade of influenza vaccination trends and recent COVID-19 vaccine co-administration patterns at a major Italian hospital, aiming to identify factors affecting vaccine acceptance and evaluate organizational strategies to enhance vaccination uptake. A retrospective cohort study analyzed vaccination data from 6,341 hCWs between 2015 and 2023, examining acceptance rates across different vaccination delivery models. Mixed effects logistic regression models evaluated the impact of sociodemographic and professional factors and organizational approaches on vaccine acceptance. Results showed influenza vaccination peaked at 46% during the first COVID-19 year, before declining to pre-pandemic levels. Co-administration rates increased significantly, with a 118.94% rise between 2021 and 2022. Different delivery models significantly influenced vaccine acceptance: "open-day" events significantly boosted influenza vaccine acceptance (OR 22.29, 95% CI [18.22; 27.27]), while the hospital outpatient service proved optimal for co-administration (OR 61.03, 95% CI [30.97; 120.25]). This study reveals important patterns in vaccination behavior and organizational effectiveness. The observed decline in influenza vaccination after the COVID-19 peak suggests vaccine fatigue and reduced risk perception due to widespread preventive measures. The success of different delivery models indicates that healthcare institutions should implement multiple, complementary vaccination strategies tailored to specific contexts and workforce preferences, while maintaining continuous educational support to ensure sustained vaccine coverage.
医护人员在预防和管理传染病方面至关重要。尽管他们发挥着关键作用，但医护人员的疫苗接种覆盖率仍不理想，这不仅危及患者安全和医疗系统效率，还因医护人员频繁接触传染源而威胁到他们自身的健康。本研究调查了意大利一家大型医院十年来的流感疫苗接种趋势以及近期新冠疫苗联合接种模式，旨在确定影响疫苗接受度的因素，并评估提高疫苗接种率的组织策略。一项回顾性队列研究分析了2015年至2023年间6341名医护人员的疫苗接种数据，考察了不同疫苗接种方式的接受率。混合效应逻辑回归模型评估了社会人口统计学和专业因素以及组织方法对疫苗接受度的影响。结果显示，在新冠疫情的第一年，流感疫苗接种率达到46%的峰值，随后降至疫情前水平。联合接种率显著上升，2021年至2022年间上升了118.94%。不同的接种方式对疫苗接受度有显著影响：“开放日”活动显著提高了流感疫苗的接受度（比值比22.29，95%置信区间[18.22；27.27]），而医院门诊服务被证明是联合接种的最佳方式（比值比61.03，95%置信区间[30.97；120.25]）。本研究揭示了疫苗接种行为和组织有效性的重要模式。新冠疫情高峰后观察到的流感疫苗接种率下降表明，由于广泛的预防措施，出现了疫苗疲劳和风险认知降低的情况。不同接种方式的成功表明，医疗机构应实施多种互补的疫苗接种策略，根据具体情况和工作人员的偏好进行调整，同时持续提供教育支持，以确保持续的疫苗接种覆盖率。
