Icelandic Centre for Social Research and Analysis, Reykjavik University, Menntavegur 1, 101, Reykjavik, Iceland.
J Community Health. 2012 Feb;37(1):234-41. doi: 10.1007/s10900-011-9441-z.
The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased globally. This study examined the geographic variation in overweight and obesity trends among Icelandic adolescents in urban and rural areas. Data from two cross-sectional population-based samples of 14- and 15-year-old students attending the compulsory 9th and 10th grades of the Icelandic secondary school system in 2000 and 2009 were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). Overweight and obesity rates were represented for 17 zones on maps created with the ArcGis geographic information and imaging software. Results were that males had higher rates of overweight and obesity than females in both 2000 and 2009, with a significant difference for both genders between years. Mean BMI was higher for rural areas than urban areas in both study years. Out of 17 geographic zones, the prevalence of obesity increased between 2000 and 2009 for males in 16; however, the one remaining zone had the highest increase in overweight. Obesity increased in 13 zones for girls and decreased in four from 2000 to 2009. Mean BMI rose between the study years but fewer zones differentiated from each other in 2009 than 2000. The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased among Icelandic adolescents in both urban and rural areas; however, rural areas have higher rates of obesity, overweight, and mean BMI than urban areas. Because of diminishing differences between areas from 2000 to 2009 the increase in mean BMI, increases in overweight, and obesity appear to be more rapid in urban areas than rural areas.
超重和肥胖的患病率在全球范围内呈上升趋势。本研究调查了冰岛城乡青少年超重和肥胖趋势的地域差异。本研究使用了来自于 2000 年和 2009 年冰岛中学 9 年级和 10 年级的两个基于人群的横断面学生样本数据，计算了学生的体质指数（BMI）。利用 ArcGIS 地理信息和成像软件制作的地图，展示了 17 个区域的超重和肥胖率。结果显示，2000 年和 2009 年，男性的超重和肥胖率均高于女性，且不同性别之间存在显著差异。研究两年中，农村地区学生的 BMI 均值均高于城市地区。在 17 个地理区域中，2000 年至 2009 年期间，男性肥胖的流行率在 16 个区域中有所上升；然而，仍有一个区域的超重率增幅最大。2000 年至 2009 年期间，肥胖率在 13 个区域的女生中有所上升，在 4 个区域中有所下降。研究两年间，BMI 均值有所上升，但 2009 年与 2000 年相比，能够区分的区域减少了。冰岛城乡青少年超重和肥胖的患病率均有所上升；然而，农村地区的肥胖、超重和 BMI 均值均高于城市地区。由于 2000 年至 2009 年期间，各地区之间的差异逐渐缩小，BMI 均值、超重和肥胖的上升速度在城市地区似乎快于农村地区。
