Huang David Y C, Evans Elizabeth, Hara Motoaki, Weiss Robert E, Hser Yih-Ing
UCLA Integrated Substance Abuse Programs, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 1640 S. Sepulveda Blvd., Suite 200, Los Angeles, CA 90025,
J Vocat Behav. 2011 Aug;79(1):277-289. doi: 10.1016/j.jvb.2010.12.001.
This study investigated the impact of drug use on employment over 20 years among men and women, utilizing data on 7,661 participants in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. Growth mixture modeling was applied, and five distinct employment trajectory groups were identified for both men and women. The identified patterns were largely similar for men and women except that a U-shape employment trajectory was uniquely identified for women. Early-initiation drug users, users of "hard" drugs, and frequent drug users were more likely to demonstrate consistently low levels of employment, and the negative relationship between drug use and employment was more apparent among men than women. Also, positive associations between employment and marriage became more salient for men over time, as did negative associations between employment and childrearing among women. Processes are dynamic and complex, suggesting that throughout the life course, protective factors that reduce the risk of employment problems emerge and change, as do critical periods for maximizing the impact of drug prevention and intervention efforts.
本研究利用全国青年纵向调查中7661名参与者的数据，调查了20年间吸毒对男性和女性就业的影响。应用了生长混合模型，为男性和女性分别确定了五个不同的就业轨迹组。除了女性独特地呈现出U形就业轨迹外，男性和女性所确定的模式在很大程度上是相似的。早期开始吸毒者、“硬性”毒品使用者和频繁吸毒者更有可能持续表现出低就业水平，而且吸毒与就业之间的负相关关系在男性中比在女性中更为明显。此外，随着时间的推移，就业与婚姻之间的正相关关系在男性中变得更加显著，就业与女性育儿之间的负相关关系也是如此。过程是动态且复杂的，这表明在整个生命历程中，降低就业问题风险的保护因素会出现并发生变化，药物预防和干预努力产生最大影响的关键时期也是如此。
