Microbiology and Biotoxins Area, ANFACO-CECOPESCA, Col Univ 16, 36310 Vigo, Spain.
Toxicon. 2011 Sep 15;58(4):336-54. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2011.07.001. Epub 2011 Jul 14.
This review is an up-to-date compilation of the available literature, including scientific papers, reviews, and EFSA's opinions, on toxicity and risk assessment data on the main marine biotoxins of importance in the European Union, including the legislated ones and the ones of recent appearance which are not legislated. Information about the hazard identification and hazard characterisation of okadaic acid, dynophysistoxins, pectenotoxins, yessotoxins, azaspiracids, domoic acid, saxitoxins, tetrodotoxins, brevetoxins, ciguatoxins, cyclic imines and palytoxins is reviewed and presented in the form of a collection of risk assessments. It is concluded that the importance of having an appropriate exposure assessment reiterates the urgency of establishing a database with representative and comparable data on exposure to food items possiby containing marine biotoxins. It is also concluded that a revision of the present regulation of marine biotoxins in the EU legislation could be considered, as some regulated toxins have been shown not to pose a risk for EU's population (as yessotoxin) and some non regulated toxins have been shown to be harmful and/or to occur in the EU (as tetrodotoxin, palytoxin, and some cyclic imines) while they are not regulated.
这是一篇对现有文献的最新综述，包括科学论文、综述以及 EFSA 的意见，涉及到对在欧盟具有重要意义的主要海洋生物毒素的毒性和风险评估数据，其中包括立法规定的毒素和最近出现但尚未立法规定的毒素。本文综述了 okadaic 酸、dynophysistoxins、pectenotoxins、yessotoxins、azaspiracids、domoic 酸、saxitoxins、tetrodotoxins、brevetoxins、ciguatoxins、环状亚胺和 palytoxins 的危害识别和危害特征，并以风险评估的形式呈现。结论认为，进行适当暴露评估的重要性再次强调了建立一个包含可能含有海洋生物毒素的食品暴露代表性和可比性数据的数据库的紧迫性。此外，还可以考虑对欧盟法规中现有的海洋生物毒素法规进行修订，因为一些已被证明对欧盟人群不构成风险的规定毒素（如 yessotoxin）以及一些已被证明有害的或在欧盟出现的非规定毒素（如 tetrodotoxin、palytoxin 和一些环状亚胺）目前并未受到监管。
