Portland VA Medical Center, OR, USA.
Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2011 Oct;11(5):507-15. doi: 10.1007/s11910-011-0214-y.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by episodic decline in various neurologic functions. Gait dysfunction in MS is distinguished by decreased gait speed, walking endurance, step length, cadence and joint motion, as well as increased metabolic cost of walking and increased variability of gait. Standardized clinical, timed, and patient-based measures can identify MS patients with gait dysfunction, and observational gait analysis, instrumented walkways, or three-dimensional gait analysis can help determine which problem underlies their gait dysfunction to help direct effective treatment. Exercise may ameliorate all types of gait dysfunction. In addition, gait dysfunction due to weakness may be alleviated by orthoses or functional electrical stimulation; gait dysfunction due to spasticity may be relieved by oral, intrathecal, or intramuscular medications. Assistive devices and balance training may reduce gait dysfunction from imbalance, and dalfampridine may accelerate gait in people with MS who walk slowly.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种中枢神经系统脱髓鞘疾病，其特征是各种神经功能间歇性下降。MS 的步态功能障碍表现为步态速度降低、步行耐力降低、步长降低、步频降低和关节运动降低，以及步行代谢成本增加和步态可变性增加。标准化的临床、计时和基于患者的测量方法可以识别出有步态功能障碍的 MS 患者，而观察性步态分析、仪器化步道或三维步态分析可以帮助确定导致其步态功能障碍的根本问题，以帮助指导有效治疗。运动可能改善所有类型的步态功能障碍。此外，由于虚弱导致的步态功能障碍可以通过矫形器或功能性电刺激来缓解；由于痉挛导致的步态功能障碍可以通过口服、鞘内或肌肉内药物来缓解。辅助设备和平衡训练可以减少因失衡导致的步态功能障碍，而 dalfampridine 可以加速 MS 患者的步行速度。
