Institute for the Study of Child Development, Department of Pediatrics, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Child Abuse Negl. 2011 Jul;35(7):459-67. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.02.007. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
While the relationship between abusive parenting and violent delinquency has been well established, the cognitive and emotional processes by which this occurs remain relatively unidentified. The objective of this work is to apply a conceptual model linking abusive parenting to the conversion of shame into blaming others and therefore to violent delinquency.
A retrospective study of 112 adolescents (90 male; 22 female; ages 12-19 years; M=15.6; SD=1.4) who were incarcerated in a juvenile detention facility pending criminal charges, completed measures of exposure to abusive and nonabusive discipline, expressed and converted shame, and violent delinquency.
Findings tend to confirm the conceptual model. Subjects who converted shame (i.e., low expressed shame, high blaming others) tended to have more exposure to abusive parenting and showed more violent delinquent behavior than their peers who showed expressed shame. Subjects who showed expressed shame (i.e., high expressed shame, low blaming others) showed less violent delinquency than those who showed converted shame.
Abusive parenting impacts delinquency directly and indirectly through the effects of shame that is converted. Abusive parenting leads to the conversion of shame to blaming others, which in turn leads to violent delinquent behavior.
For juvenile offenders, the conversion of shame into blaming others appears to contribute to pathological outcomes in relation to trauma. Translation of this work into clinical practice is recommended.
虽然虐待型父母养育方式与暴力犯罪行为之间的关系已得到充分证实，但导致这种关系产生的认知和情感过程仍相对不明确。本研究旨在应用一个概念模型，将虐待型父母养育方式与羞耻感转化为指责他人的过程联系起来，进而与暴力犯罪行为联系起来。
对 112 名青少年（90 名男性；22 名女性；年龄 12-19 岁；M=15.6；SD=1.4）进行回顾性研究，这些青少年因犯罪指控被关押在少年拘留所，完成了虐待和非虐待纪律、表达和转化羞耻感以及暴力犯罪行为的测量。
研究结果倾向于证实该概念模型。与表现出羞耻感的同龄人相比，那些将羞耻感转化为指责他人（即低表达羞耻感、高指责他人）的人往往更容易受到虐待型父母养育方式的影响，表现出更多的暴力犯罪行为。那些表现出表达羞耻感（即高表达羞耻感、低指责他人）的人表现出的暴力犯罪行为比那些表现出转化羞耻感的人要少。
虐待型父母养育方式通过羞耻感的转化对犯罪行为产生直接和间接的影响。虐待型父母养育方式导致羞耻感转化为指责他人，进而导致暴力犯罪行为。
对于少年犯来说，羞耻感转化为指责他人似乎会导致与创伤相关的病态结果。建议将这项工作转化为临床实践。
