Verwey-Jonker Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Jul;36(13-14):NP7319-NP7349. doi: 10.1177/0886260518823291. Epub 2019 Jan 24.
Young people are exposed to violence regularly in their homes, schools, and communities. Such exposure can cause them significant physical, mental, and emotional harm, with long-term effects lasting well into adulthood. Of particular concern is violence within the family, where children are victimized by their parents. Research shows that direct and indirect childhood exposure to violence and maltreatment within the family increases the risk of subsequent violent delinquent behavior. Social learning theory and attachment theory place parenting at the center of the "cycle of violence," and "intergenerational transmission of violence" claims that experiencing violence in childhood will lead to the perpetration of violence in adolescence. Although much research has been done, these assertions have never been tested on a large international sample of young people. The current article fills this void by analyzing surveys completed by 57,892 students who were 12 to 16 years old from 25 countries as part of the International Self-Report Delinquency Study (ISRD3). Structural equation modeling (SEM) is used to test the direct and indirect effects of child maltreatment and interparental violence on self-reported violent delinquency. Mediating effects are proposed for attachment to parents, parental social control (measured by parental knowledge, parental monitoring, and child disclosure), and parental moral authority. Analysis suggests direct effects of child maltreatment and interparental violence, as well as mediating effects of parental monitoring, parental knowledge, and parental moral authority. Child disclosure and attachment to parents do not affect violent juvenile offending. Being a victim of both child maltreatment and interparental violence is found to exacerbate the effect on violent offending. The results support the cross-national generalizability of the "cycle of violence" argument that children tend to reproduce the behavior of their parents.
年轻人在家庭、学校和社区中经常会接触到暴力。这种接触会对他们造成身体、心理和情感上的严重伤害，长期影响甚至会持续到成年。特别值得关注的是家庭内部的暴力，儿童成为父母的受害者。研究表明，儿童直接和间接经历家庭内的暴力和虐待会增加以后暴力犯罪行为的风险。社会学习理论和依恋理论将养育放在“暴力循环”的中心，“暴力的代际传递”声称儿童时期经历暴力会导致青春期的暴力犯罪。尽管已经进行了大量研究，但这些说法从未在大规模的国际青年样本中得到检验。本文通过分析来自 25 个国家的 57892 名 12 至 16 岁学生作为国际自我报告犯罪研究（ISRD3）的一部分完成的调查，填补了这一空白。结构方程模型（SEM）用于检验儿童虐待和父母间暴力对自我报告的暴力犯罪的直接和间接影响。提出了对父母依恋、父母社会控制（通过父母知识、父母监督和儿童披露来衡量）和父母道德权威的中介效应的假设。分析表明，儿童虐待和父母间暴力存在直接影响，父母监督、父母知识和父母道德权威具有中介作用。儿童披露和对父母的依恋不会影响青少年暴力犯罪。同时成为儿童虐待和父母间暴力的受害者会加剧对暴力犯罪的影响。结果支持了“暴力循环”论点的跨国通用性，即儿童倾向于复制父母的行为。
