College of Environment and Resource, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, PR China.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Jul;20(1):219-24. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.02.001.
The cytogenetic damage induced by municipal landfill leachate was studied using chromosomal aberration (CA) in mouse bone marrow assay. Results show that leachate samples collected in different seasons decreased the mitotic index (MI), and caused significant increases of CA frequencies in treatment concentration (Chemical oxygen demand (COD) measured by the method of potassium dichromate oxidation, COD(Cr))-dependent manners. Compared with the negative control, reductions of the MI of 54 and 38% were detected for the highest leachate concentration (COD(Cr) 320mg/L) in mouse bone marrow treated with both samples. The frequencies of CA increased significantly with increasing concentrations of sample 1 from COD(Cr) 40 to 320mg/L, and from 80 to 320mg/L after exposure to sample 2. In addition, a seasonal difference of MI and CA frequencies induced by leachate was observed. The results confirm that leachate is a genotoxic agent in mammalian cells, and imply that exposure to leachate in aquatic environment may pose a potential genotoxic risk to mammals and humans. The results suggest that the CA in mouse bone marrow bioassay is efficient in genotoxicity studies of leachate on mammals, and that there appears to be a correlation between the genotoxicity in mammal system and the chemical measurement (COD(Cr)) of leachate. The results also indicate that different discharge guidelines and environmental quality standards should be established for leachates discharged from landfills to aquatic environment in different seasons.
采用小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变分析方法，研究了城市垃圾渗滤液的细胞遗传毒性。结果表明，不同季节采集的渗滤液在一定浓度范围内（用重铬酸钾法测定的化学需氧量 COD(Cr)），降低了有丝分裂指数（MI），并导致染色体畸变（CA）频率显著增加，呈浓度依赖性。与阴性对照相比，两种渗滤液最高浓度（COD(Cr)320mg/L）处理的小鼠骨髓细胞 MI 分别降低了 54%和 38%。当样品 1 的浓度从 COD(Cr)40mg/L 增加到 320mg/L 时，CA 频率显著增加，当样品 2 暴露于 80mg/L 到 320mg/L 时，CA 频率也显著增加。此外，还观察到了由渗滤液引起的 MI 和 CA 频率的季节性差异。结果证实，渗滤液是哺乳动物细胞中的遗传毒性物质，这意味着在水生环境中接触渗滤液可能对哺乳动物和人类造成潜在的遗传毒性风险。结果表明，在哺乳动物的遗传毒性研究中，小鼠骨髓细胞 CA 分析是有效的，并且哺乳动物系统的遗传毒性与渗滤液的化学测量（COD(Cr)）之间似乎存在相关性。结果还表明，对于不同季节从垃圾填埋场排放到水生态环境中的渗滤液，应制定不同的排放指南和环境质量标准。
