Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, South Korea.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2005 Sep;20(2):335-44. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2005.03.011. Epub 2005 Jun 13.
Angiogenesis is the process of generating new capillary blood vessels. It occurs under tight regulation in the female reproductive system, during wound healing and during embryogenesis. Angiogenesis also plays an important role in the pregnancy-associated changes in the reproductive tract. Cigarette smoke inhibits processes that may hinder normal process of angiogenesis resulting in abnormal blood supply to tissues, decreased repair and remodeling. This report summarizes the evidences of the causal association between tobacco smoking and disruption of angiogenesis. Application of small amount of nicotine on day 5 old chorioallantoic membranes (CAMs) did not disrupt the process of angiogenesis, while application of mainstream smokes (MSS) solutions to CAMs caused varying levels of disruption on normal process of angiogenesis and adversely affect capillary plexus formation, diameters of secondary and tertiary vessels. We have also observed that at equivalent doses, sidestream smoke (SSS) can significantly be more potent than MSS and can alter the normal process of angiogenesis more drastically than MSS. It suggests that SSS either contains a toxicant(s) not present in MSS or that the toxicant(s) that produces these effects is present in higher concentration in SSS than in MSS. Therefore, it is undisputed that smoking can interfere the normal process of angiogenesis, which is a vital process to maintain pregnancy and development of fetus. Smoking during pregnancy is harmful to fetal development and is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage, perinatal death and sudden infant death syndrome. Smoking-cessation programs remain a crucial strategy for preventing poor birth outcomes and decreasing the social and financial costs of smoking during pregnancy.
血管生成是生成新毛细血管的过程。它在女性生殖系统、伤口愈合和胚胎发生过程中受到严格的调控。血管生成在妊娠相关的生殖道变化中也起着重要作用。吸烟会抑制可能阻碍正常血管生成过程的因素，导致组织供血异常、修复和重塑减少。本报告总结了吸烟与血管生成破坏之间因果关系的证据。在第 5 天的鸡胚尿囊膜（CAM）上应用少量尼古丁不会破坏血管生成过程，而将主流烟雾（MSS）溶液应用于 CAM 会导致正常血管生成过程出现不同程度的破坏，并对毛细血管丛形成、二级和三级血管直径产生不利影响。我们还观察到，在等效剂量下，侧流烟（SSS）的作用可能比 MSS 更明显，并且比 MSS 更能明显改变正常的血管生成过程。这表明 SSS 中要么含有 MSS 中不存在的有毒物质，要么产生这些影响的有毒物质在 SSS 中的浓度高于 MSS。因此，吸烟会干扰正常的血管生成过程，这是维持妊娠和胎儿发育的重要过程，这是无可争议的。怀孕期间吸烟对胎儿发育有害，并增加流产、围产期死亡和婴儿猝死综合征的风险。戒烟计划仍然是预防不良分娩结局和降低怀孕期间吸烟的社会和经济成本的关键策略。
