Institute of Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria.
Acta Trop. 2012 Mar;121(3):158-65. doi: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2011.06.014. Epub 2011 Jul 19.
In the absence of secular climatic changes, the global challenges of changing epidemiological patterns of malaria have to be induced by man, i.e. by a disturbance of the equilibrium between man, vector and the parasite in an environment conducive to the natural transmission of the pathogen. There are many ways of attempting such a disturbance, from the use of personal protection to the use of diagnostic and remedial antiplasmodial treatment, up to the application of vector control measures for the elimination of breeding places, larviciding and the use of intradomestic insecticides. This will be done by looking at the parasites responsible for the specific infection, and considering the various arthropod hosts and the human hosts, before the comprehensive treatment of the environmental features. This will be followed by a section on the quantitative epidemiology. The various tools of intervention and their relative efficacy precede the section on common denominators of previously malarious countries having achieved and maintained malaria-free status. Similarly, the reasons for failing the declared goal of eliminating malaria sets the new scene for the global challenges ahead of us in the endeavour of future attempts at eliminating malaria.
在没有长期气候变化的情况下，疟疾流行模式的全球变化挑战必然是人为引起的，即人类打破了有利于病原体自然传播的环境中人类、媒介和寄生虫之间的平衡。有许多方法可以尝试这种干扰，从使用个人防护到使用诊断和补救性抗疟治疗，直至应用病媒控制措施消除滋生地、杀幼虫和使用室内杀虫剂。这将通过观察导致特定感染的寄生虫，并考虑各种节肢动物宿主和人类宿主，在全面处理环境特征之前进行。接下来是定量流行病学部分。各种干预手段及其相对效果，然后是关于以前疟疾流行的国家实现和保持无疟疾状态的共同因素的部分。同样，未能实现消除疟疾的既定目标的原因，为我们在未来消除疟疾的努力中，为未来的全球挑战设定了新的场景。
