Parr Lisa A
Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences & Center for Translational Social Neuroscience, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 Sep;138(1):204-10. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.06.005. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
Face recognition is a complex skill that requires the integration of facial features across the whole face, e.g., holistic processing. It is unclear whether, and to what extent, other species process faces in a manner that is similar to humans. Previous studies on the inversion effect, a marker of holistic processing, in nonhuman primates have revealed mixed results in part because many studies have failed to include alternative image categories necessary to understand whether the effects are truly face-specific. The present study re-examined the inversion effect in rhesus monkeys and chimpanzees using comparable testing methods and a variety of high quality stimuli including faces and nonfaces. The data support an inversion effect in chimpanzees only for conspecifics' faces (expert category), suggesting face-specific holistic processing similar to humans. Rhesus monkeys showed inversion effects for conspecifics, but also for heterospecifics' faces (chimpanzees), and nonfaces images (houses), supporting important species differences in this simple test of holistic face processing.
人脸识别是一项复杂的技能，需要整合整个面部的特征，例如整体加工。目前尚不清楚其他物种是否以及在多大程度上以与人类相似的方式处理面孔。先前关于非人类灵长类动物整体加工标志——倒置效应的研究结果不一，部分原因是许多研究未能纳入理解这些效应是否真正对面孔具有特异性所必需的其他图像类别。本研究使用可比的测试方法以及包括面孔和非面孔在内的各种高质量刺激，重新检验了恒河猴和黑猩猩的倒置效应。数据表明，只有在处理同种个体的面孔（专家类别）时，黑猩猩才会出现倒置效应，这表明它们具有与人类相似的对面孔的特异性整体加工。恒河猴在处理同种个体的面孔时会出现倒置效应，但在处理异种个体的面孔（黑猩猩）和非面孔图像（房屋）时也会出现，这表明在这个对面孔整体加工的简单测试中存在重要的物种差异。
