Department of Dentofacial Orthopeadics and Orthodontics, Medical University of Wrocław, ul. Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wrocław, Poland.
Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2011 Jul;32(1):10-6. doi: 10.1016/j.etap.2011.02.009. Epub 2011 Mar 22.
The aim of the present work was to investigate the exposure of patients to metals released from orthodontic appliances in situ. The paper reports the results of biocompatibility studies of orthodontic appliances by an in vivo method using hair sampled from the group of patients (N = 28) and a control group (N = 18). The mean content of metals (Ni, Cr, Mn, Fe) in hair that were hypothesized to be systemically absorbed from stainless steel, was provided. The highest difference between the groups was found for Ni (39% higher level in hair of patients), Mn (18%), Fe (4.1%), Cr (2.5%), as calculated by a new dimensionless metal release coefficient (α). The second coefficient defined in the present work (β) corresponded to the difference in the mean content of elements between the groups. The coefficient was the highest for Fe, subsequently Ni, Mn and Cr. None of the differences was statistically significant. For each group and a given element, ranges between 10th and 90th percentile were determined. The upper value of the range differed the mostly between the groups for Ni (82.5%) showing that stainless steel of orthodontic appliance can be the source of exposure to this element. The difference was also identified for Mn (26.5%). For Cr and Fe, the lower value of the range was elevated. It was noted that 22% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment had elevated levels of Ni in hair. A correlation matrix between the content of the elements in hair was calculated. Statistically significant correlations were found between Cr and Fe, showing similar sources of exposure. Multiple regression analysis showed the dependence of Ni content (dependent variable) on the level of Co and Mg (synergism) and V (antagonism).
本研究旨在原位检测正畸矫治器中金属释放对患者的暴露情况。本文报告了使用来自患者组（N=28）和对照组（N=18）头发样本的体内方法进行正畸矫治器生物相容性研究的结果。报告了假设从不锈钢系统吸收的金属（Ni、Cr、Mn、Fe）在头发中的平均含量。通过定义的新无量纲金属释放系数（α），发现组间差异最大的是 Ni（患者头发中水平高出 39%）、Mn（18%）、Fe（4.1%）和 Cr（2.5%）。本研究中定义的第二个系数（β）对应于组间元素平均含量的差异。系数最高的是 Fe，其次是 Ni、Mn 和 Cr。这些差异均无统计学意义。为每个组和给定元素确定了 10%和 90%分位数之间的范围。组间差异最大的是 Ni（82.5%），这表明正畸矫治器的不锈钢可能是暴露于该元素的来源。Mn 也存在差异（26.5%）。Cr 和 Fe 的范围下限升高。研究发现，22%接受正畸治疗的患者头发中 Ni 水平升高。计算了头发中元素含量之间的相关矩阵。发现 Cr 和 Fe 之间存在统计学显著相关性，表明存在相似的暴露源。多元回归分析表明，Ni 含量（因变量）与 Co 和 Mg（协同作用）和 V（拮抗作用）的水平有关。
