Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University 11100 Euclid Avenue, Lakeside 7, Mailstop 5047, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 2011 Aug;91(4):897-911, ix. doi: 10.1016/j.suc.2011.04.006. Epub 2011 Jun 8.
The importance of adequate nutrition has long been established in the surgical patient population. Enteral nutrition provides the safest, most cost-effective approach with endoscopic and surgical options for permanent access. Parenteral nutrition should be reserved for patients in whom enteral nutrition is contradicted. This article summarizes the routes of access for both enteral and parenteral nutrition as well as the indications, procedural pearls, and complications associated with each approach.
充足营养的重要性早已在外科患者群体中得到确立。肠内营养提供了最安全、最具成本效益的方法，并且有内镜和手术两种永久性途径可供选择。只有当肠内营养有禁忌时，才应考虑使用肠外营养。本文总结了肠内和肠外营养的途径，以及每种方法的适应证、操作要点和相关并发症。
