James Buchanan Brady Foundation Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College-New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, USA.
Ther Adv Urol. 2011 Feb;3(1):19-33. doi: 10.1177/1756287211398255.
Cystitis, or inflammation of the bladder, has a direct effect on bladder function. Interstitial cystitis is a syndrome characterized by urinary bladder pain and irritative symptoms of more than 6 months duration. It commonly occurs in young to middle-aged women with no known cause and in fact represents a diagnosis of exclusion. Many factors have been suggested, including chronic or subclinical infection, autoimmunity and genetic susceptibility, which could be responsible for initiating the inflammatory response. However, a central role of inflammation has been confirmed in the pathogenesis of interstitial cystitis. Patients with interstitial cystitis are usually managed with multimodal therapy to break the vicious cycle of chronic inflammation at every step. Patients who develop irreversible pathologies such as fibrosis are managed surgically, which is usually reserved for refractory cases.
膀胱炎，即膀胱炎症，会直接影响膀胱功能。间质性膀胱炎是一种以膀胱疼痛和刺激性症状为特征的综合征，其持续时间超过 6 个月。它常见于中青年女性，病因不明，实际上是一种排除性诊断。许多因素被认为与之相关，包括慢性或亚临床感染、自身免疫和遗传易感性，这些因素可能导致炎症反应的发生。然而，炎症在间质性膀胱炎的发病机制中起着核心作用。间质性膀胱炎患者通常采用多模式治疗来阻断慢性炎症的恶性循环。对于那些出现纤维化等不可逆病变的患者，则采用手术治疗，手术通常仅保留用于难治性病例。
