Discipline of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Australia.
Nutr Rev. 2011 Aug;69(8):449-67. doi: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2011.00407.x.
Early childhood is an important nutritional period that involves the transition from a milk-based diet to ordinary foods. A systematic review was conducted of studies that applied whole-of-diet analysis of children aged 1-5 years to examine associations between diet and nutrition, health, and development. Literature searches identified 40 articles using dietary indices, principal component analysis, or cluster analysis. Reports that applied indices (n = 23, 18 indices) were cross-sectional, and most measured diet quality or variety. Articles reporting principal component or cluster analyses (n =17) described between two and six dietary patterns, and most identified healthy, unhealthy, and traditional patterns. In cross-sectional analyses, mixed associations were found between index or pattern scores and nutrient intake (n = 10), nutritional biomarkers (n = 1), and anthropometry (n = 10). Five reports from two birth cohorts showed healthier dietary patterns were associated with better lean mass, cognition, and behavior, but not with bone mass or body mass index at later ages. Few studies have characterized the diets of children under 5 years of age and linked diet with health. Given the limited evidence, research establishing the predictive validity of whole-of-diet methods in childhood is needed.
儿童早期是一个重要的营养期，涉及从奶类饮食向普通食物的过渡。对应用于 1-5 岁儿童全饮食分析的研究进行了系统综述，以研究饮食与营养、健康和发育之间的关系。文献检索确定了 40 篇使用饮食指数、主成分分析或聚类分析的文章。应用指数的报告（n = 23，18 个指数）是横断面的，大多数测量饮食质量或多样性。报告主成分或聚类分析的文章（n = 17）描述了 2 到 6 种饮食模式，大多数确定了健康、不健康和传统模式。在横断面分析中，指数或模式得分与营养素摄入（n = 10）、营养生物标志物（n = 1）和人体测量学（n = 10）之间存在混合关联。来自两个出生队列的 5 份报告表明，更健康的饮食模式与更好的瘦体重、认知和行为有关，但与以后年龄的骨量或体重指数无关。很少有研究描述了 5 岁以下儿童的饮食，并将饮食与健康联系起来。鉴于证据有限，需要开展研究来确定全饮食方法在儿童期的预测有效性。
