Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2018 Mar;32(1):103-118. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2017.11.004.
Norovirus is a leading cause of childhood vomiting and diarrhea in the United States and globally. Although most illnesses caused by norovirus are self-resolving, severe outcomes may occur from dehydration, including hospitalization and death. A vast majority of deaths from norovirus occur in developing countries. Immunocompromised children are at risk for more severe outcomes. Treatment of norovirus illness is focused on early correction of dehydration and maintenance of fluid status and nutrition. Hand hygiene, exclusion of ill individuals, and environmental cleaning are important for norovirus outbreak prevention and control, and vaccines to prevent norovirus illness are currently under development.
诺如病毒是美国和全球导致儿童呕吐和腹泻的主要原因。虽然大多数由诺如病毒引起的疾病会自行痊愈，但严重的情况下可能会导致脱水，包括住院和死亡。绝大多数诺如病毒死亡病例发生在发展中国家。免疫功能低下的儿童有发生更严重后果的风险。诺如病毒疾病的治疗重点是早期纠正脱水和维持液体状态和营养。手卫生、隔离病人和环境清洁对于预防和控制诺如病毒暴发非常重要，目前正在开发预防诺如病毒病的疫苗。
