Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation, UMR 6265 CNRS, UMR 1324 INRA, Université de Bourgogne, Agrosup Dijon, F-21000 Dijon, France.
Appetite. 2011 Dec;57(3):615-22. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2011.07.006. Epub 2011 Jul 27.
Alliesthesia is the modulation of the rewarding value of a stimulus according to the internal state (hungry or satiated). This study aimed to evaluate this phenomenon as a function of the nature of the stimulus (odors evoking edible and non-edible items, and the food odors evoking fatty and non-fat foods) and to compare the effectiveness of two reward evaluations (measures of pleasantness and appetence) to reveal alliesthesia. The results showed that both fatty and non-fat food odors were judged as less pleasant and less appetent when the subjects were satiated than when they were hungry, whereas no such difference was observed for non-food odors. There was a greater decrease in appetence than there was in pleasantness. Moreover, the decrease in appetence was greater for fatty than for non-fat food odors, whereas the decrease in pleasantness was similar for both fatty and non-fat food odors. Our study allows for the definition of a more comprehensive pattern of alliesthesia based on odor category. It demonstrates that alliesthesia is specific to food odors and that it is more pronounced when odors are associated with fatty rather than non-fat foods. It also reveals that an appetence measure is more sensitive than a pleasantness measure for describing an acute reward modulation process.
感觉适应是根据内部状态（饥饿或饱足）来调节刺激的奖赏价值。本研究旨在评估这种现象作为刺激性质的函数（引起可食用和不可食用物品的气味，以及引起脂肪和非脂肪食物的食物气味），并比较两种奖励评估（愉悦度和食欲测量）的有效性，以揭示感觉适应。结果表明，当被试者饱足时，脂肪和非脂肪食物的气味都被判断为不如饥饿时那么愉悦和开胃，而非食物气味则没有这种差异。食欲的下降大于愉悦度的下降。此外，脂肪食物气味的食欲下降大于非脂肪食物气味，而愉悦度的下降对于脂肪和非脂肪食物气味是相似的。我们的研究允许基于气味类别定义更全面的感觉适应模式。它表明感觉适应是特定于食物气味的，并且当气味与脂肪而不是非脂肪食物相关联时，感觉适应更为明显。它还表明，食欲测量比愉悦度测量更能敏感地描述急性奖励调节过程。
