Di Nardo A, Knowles N J, Paton D J
Institute for Animal Health, Pirbright Laboratory, Ash Road, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, GU24 ONF, UK.
Rev Sci Tech. 2011 Apr;30(1):63-85. doi: 10.20506/rst.30.1.2022.
International trade in animals and their products is recognised as a primary determinant of the global epidemiology of transboundary diseases such as foot and mouth disease (FMD). As well as causing serious production losses, FMD is highly contagious, being transmitted through multiple routes and hosts, which makes it one of the most important diseases affecting trade in livestock. Its occurrence has dramatic consequences for the agricultural economy of a normally disease-free country, as well as for the livelihoods and income generation of developing countries where the disease continues to be endemic. In the dynamic of FMD virus (FMDV) dispersal across the globe, phylogenetic inference from molecular sequences of isolated viruses makes a significant contribution to investigating the evolutionary and spatial pathways underlying the source of FMD epidemics. Matching data on livestock movement with molecular epidemiology can enhance our fundamental understanding when reconstructing the spread of the virus between geographical regions, which is essential for the development of FMD control strategies worldwide. This paper reviews the global situation of FMD in the last ten years, combining phylogenetic insights with information on livestock production systems and international trade to analyse the epidemiological dynamics of FMD and the sources of FMDV introductions at a regional level in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and Southeast Asia.
动物及其产品的国际贸易被认为是口蹄疫等跨界疾病全球流行病学的主要决定因素。口蹄疫不仅会造成严重的生产损失，而且传染性极强，可通过多种途径和宿主传播，这使其成为影响家畜贸易的最重要疾病之一。口蹄疫的发生对通常无病国家的农业经济以及该疾病仍为地方病的发展中国家的生计和创收都会产生巨大影响。在口蹄疫病毒（FMDV）在全球传播的动态过程中，从分离病毒的分子序列进行系统发育推断，对调查口蹄疫流行源头的进化和空间路径有重要贡献。在重建病毒在不同地理区域之间的传播时，将家畜流动数据与分子流行病学相结合，能够增强我们的基本认识，这对全球口蹄疫控制策略的制定至关重要。本文回顾了过去十年口蹄疫的全球形势，结合系统发育见解以及家畜生产系统和国际贸易信息，分析了撒哈拉以南非洲、中东和东南亚区域层面口蹄疫的流行病学动态以及口蹄疫病毒传入的源头。
