Garland A J M, de Clercq K
Collingwood, Dawney Hill, Pirbright, Surrey, UK.
Rev Sci Tech. 2011 Apr;30(1):189-206. doi: 10.20506/rst.30.1.2023.
The foot and mouth disease (FMD) status of a country or region has a profound bearing on access to export markets for live animals and animal products. In countries without FMD-free status, and in accordance with the international standards of the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE), restrictions may be applied to trade in both vaccinated and unvaccinated animals and their products. Available information suggests that, provided there is compliance with essential criteria concerning vaccines, vaccination and other zoosanitary measures (especially quarantine and ante- and post-mortem inspection), the risk of spreading FMD through the importation of vaccinated cattle, sheep and pigs is extremely small. The risk from products derived from vaccinated animals is even smaller, provided that appropriate risk mitigation measures are applied. Knowledge of the zoosanitary status of the exporting country is critical for risk assessment, but can be difficult to verify. Although empirical evidence and practical experience strongly indicate low risk, it is not possible to assert that the risk is zero for vaccinated animals or their products. In the absence of key factual data, risk analysis is only practicable on a qualitative or semi-quantitative basis. However, a very low level of risk is both unavoidable and acceptable if such trade is to be conducted.
一个国家或地区的口蹄疫状况对其活畜及畜产品进入出口市场有着深远影响。在没有口蹄疫无疫状态的国家，根据世界动物卫生组织（OIE）的国际标准，可能会对已接种疫苗和未接种疫苗的动物及其产品的贸易施加限制。现有信息表明，只要符合有关疫苗、疫苗接种及其他动物卫生措施（特别是检疫以及宰前和宰后检查）的基本标准，通过进口已接种疫苗的牛、羊和猪传播口蹄疫的风险极小。如果采取了适当的风险缓解措施，来自已接种疫苗动物的产品的风险甚至更小。了解出口国的动物卫生状况对于风险评估至关重要，但可能难以核实。尽管经验证据和实践经验有力地表明风险较低，但无法断言已接种疫苗的动物或其产品的风险为零。在缺乏关键事实数据的情况下，风险分析仅能在定性或半定量基础上进行。然而，如果要开展此类贸易，极低水平的风险既是不可避免的也是可以接受的。
