Sugiura K, Murray N
University of Tokyo, Research Centre for Food Safety, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
Rev Sci Tech. 2011 Apr;30(1):281-8. doi: 10.20506/rst.30.1.2031.
Among the agreements included in the treaty that created the World Trade Organization (WTO) in January 1995 is the Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) that sets out the basic rules for food safety and animal and plant health standards. The SPS Agreement designates the World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) as the organisation responsible for developing international standards for animal health and zoonoses. The SPS Agreement requires that the sanitary measures that WTO members apply should be based on science and encourages them to either apply measures based on the OIE standards or, if they choose to adopt a higher level of protection than that provided by these standards, apply measures based on a science-based risk assessment. The OIE also provides a procedural framework for risk analysis for its Member Countries to use. Despite the inevitable challenges that arise in carrying out a risk analysis of the international trade in animals and animal products, the OIE risk analysis framework provides a structured approach that facilitates the identification, assessment, management and communication of these risks.
1995年1月创建世界贸易组织（WTO）的条约所包含的协议中，有《实施卫生与植物卫生措施协定》（SPS协定），该协定规定了食品安全以及动植物卫生标准的基本规则。SPS协定指定世界动物卫生组织（OIE）为负责制定动物卫生和人畜共患病国际标准的组织。SPS协定要求世贸组织成员实施的卫生措施应以科学为依据，并鼓励它们要么采用基于OIE标准的措施，要么，如果它们选择采用比这些标准提供的更高保护水平，则采用基于科学风险评估的措施。OIE还为其成员国使用的风险分析提供了程序框架。尽管在对动物和动物产品国际贸易进行风险分析时不可避免地会出现挑战，但OIE风险分析框架提供了一种结构化方法，有助于识别、评估、管理和沟通这些风险。
