Personal Social Services Research Unit, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Health Soc Care Community. 2012 Jan;20(1):87-96. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2524.2011.01022.x. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
Extra care housing aims to meet the housing, care and support needs of older people, while helping them to maintain their independence in their own private accommodation. It has been viewed as a possible alternative, or even a replacement for residential care. In 2003, the Department of Health announced capital funding to support the development of extra care housing and made the receipt of funding conditional on participating in an evaluative study. This paper presents findings on the characteristics of the residents at the time of moving in, drawing on information collected from the 19 schemes in the evaluation, and a recent comparable study of residents who moved into care homes providing personal care. Overall, the people who moved into extra care were younger and much less physically and cognitively impaired than those who moved into care homes. However, the prevalence of the medical conditions examined was more similar for the two groups, and several of the schemes had a significant minority of residents with high levels of dependence on the Barthel Index of Activities of Daily Living. In contrast, levels of severe cognitive impairment were much lower in all schemes than the overall figure for residents of care homes, even among schemes designed specifically to provide for residents with dementia. The results suggest that, although extra care housing may be operating as an alternative to care homes for some individuals, it is providing for a wider population, who may be making a planned move rather than reacting to a crisis. While extra care supports residents with problems of cognitive functioning, most schemes appear to prefer residents to move in when they can become familiar with their new accommodation before the development of more severe cognitive impairment.
额外关怀住房旨在满足老年人的住房、护理和支持需求，同时帮助他们在自己的私人住所中保持独立。它被视为一种替代或甚至替代养老院的选择。2003 年，卫生部宣布提供资本资金支持额外关怀住房的发展，并规定参与评估研究是获得资金的条件。本文介绍了从评估中 19 个方案收集的信息中得出的关于入住时居民特征的发现，以及最近对提供个人护理的养老院入住居民的一项可比研究。总体而言，搬进额外关怀住房的人比搬进养老院的人更年轻，身体和认知障碍也小得多。然而，两组人群所检查的医疗条件的流行程度更为相似，而且有几个方案的居民中存在相当比例的人对日常生活活动的巴氏量表有高度依赖。相比之下，所有方案中的严重认知障碍水平都远低于养老院居民的总体水平，即使是专为痴呆症患者提供的方案也是如此。结果表明，尽管额外关怀住房可能对一些人来说是养老院的替代选择，但它为更广泛的人群提供了住房，这些人可能是有计划地搬迁，而不是对危机做出反应。虽然额外关怀住房可以为认知功能出现问题的居民提供支持，但大多数方案似乎更希望居民在出现更严重的认知障碍之前，能够熟悉新的住所后再搬进来。
