Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1040 W Harrison Street, MC 309, Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
Int J Law Psychiatry. 2011 Jul-Aug;34(4):287-94. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2011.07.008. Epub 2011 Aug 5.
The goals of Crisis Intervention Team (CIT) programs include improving safety during encounters between police and persons with mental illnesses, diverting persons with mental illnesses away from the criminal justice system, and increasing referral and access to mental health services. CIT is a systemic intervention, and as such, its implementation and effectiveness are influenced by existing practices and infrastructures. However, little research has considered the context in which CIT programs are implemented. In this paper, we present research on CIT in four Chicago police districts that vary in terms of two contextual factors hypothesized to influence the impact of CIT training on how calls involving persons with mental illnesses are resolved. Using data from 112 patrol officers in four Chicago police districts, we consider the impact of mental health services availability and CIT saturation (the percentage of district personnel that are CIT certified). Findings indicate that CIT training increased direction to mental health services primarily in districts with greater availability of mental health services. In districts with low service availability, higher CIT saturation increased direction to mental services. The opposite pattern emerged for contact only or informal call resolution. No effects were found for arrest as a call outcome.
危机干预小组（CIT）计划的目标包括提高警察与精神病患者相遇时的安全性，将精神病患者从刑事司法系统中转移出来，并增加对精神卫生服务的转介和获得。CIT 是一种系统干预措施，因此其实施和效果受到现有实践和基础设施的影响。然而，很少有研究考虑 CIT 计划实施的背景。在本文中，我们介绍了在四个芝加哥警察区实施的 CIT 研究，这些警察区在两个假设的影响 CIT 培训对涉及精神病患者的呼叫的解决方式的背景因素方面存在差异。我们使用来自四个芝加哥警察区的 112 名巡逻警察的数据，考虑了心理健康服务的可用性和 CIT 饱和（获得 CIT 认证的人员在区人员中的百分比）的影响。研究结果表明，CIT 培训主要在心理健康服务可用性较高的地区增加了对心理健康服务的指导。在服务可用性较低的地区，较高的 CIT 饱和增加了仅接触或非正式呼叫的解决。作为呼叫结果的逮捕没有效果。
