Zeitoun Jean-David, de Parades Vincent
Hôpital Henri-Mondor, service de gastroentérologie, Créteil, France.
Presse Med. 2011 Oct;40(10):920-6. doi: 10.1016/j.lpm.2011.06.017. Epub 2011 Aug 6.
Hemorrhoidal disease is the first cause of proctological consultation although epidemiology is poorly documented. Pathophysiology is complex and involves a fragmentation of supporting tissues as well as vascular changes with hypervascularization and/or impaired venous return. The only complication of external hemorrhoids is thrombosis, which is responsible for acute anal pain irrespective of bowel movements. Internal hemorrhoids most frequently cause prolapse and/or bleeding which is easily recognizable. Physical examination always confirms the diagnosis and a colonoscopy is required after 40 or 45 in order to rule out colorectal cancer.
痔病是直肠肛门疾病门诊的首要病因，尽管其流行病学资料记载较少。其病理生理学复杂，涉及支持组织的破碎以及血管变化，包括血管增生和/或静脉回流受损。外痔唯一的并发症是血栓形成，这会导致与排便无关的急性肛门疼痛。内痔最常见的症状是脱垂和/或出血，这很容易识别。体格检查总能确诊，40或45岁之后需要进行结肠镜检查以排除结直肠癌。
